386
P. Liu
stall/tail rotation and characteristics of vertical movement of various aircraft.
NF-6 wind tunnel built by Northwestern Polytechnical University is the first
and only continuous supercharged high-speed wind tunnel that has been
already in operation in China. AVIC helicopter design and research institute has built a helicopter wind tunnel with a section size of 8 m × 6 m,
improving the testing and researching level of helicopter wind tunnel further.
In addition, with the completion and put into use of 8 m × 6 m lowspeed wind tunnel and 4-m dynamic wind tunnel, and the construction of
large modern wind tunnels such as 5.5 m × 4 m aeroacoustic wind tunnel,
3 m × 2 m icing wind tunnel, and 2.4 m × 2.4 m continuous transonic
wind tunnel, the ability of wind tunnel test will enter the ranks of the world’s
advanced level and will meet the demands of China’s aviation and spacecraft
development for wind tunnel test equipment.
6.2 Wind Tunnel Type
As a special kind of pipe, wind tunnel needs the power device of the fan
system to produce adjustable airflow, so that the flow field around the model
in the test section can simulate or partially simulate the original flow field.
Since F. H. Wenham (English) built the world’s first low-speed blow-down
wind tunnel in 1871, the American Wright brothers built another low-speed
blow-down wind tunnel in 1901 and tested their aircraft. It took 149 years for
the world to build wind tunnels. In order to meet the requirements of various
aerodynamic tests, a large number of different types of wind tunnel equipment were built in the middle of the twentieth century. Wind tunnels are
classified according to the Mach number (or speed) of the airflow in the test
section, including low-speed wind tunnels, subsonic wind tunnels, transonic
wind tunnels, supersonic wind tunnels, and hypersonic wind tunnels.
Wind tunnels are widely used to study the basic laws of aerodynamics, to
verify and develop relevant theories, and directly serve for the development of
various aircraft. Through wind tunnel experiments, the aerodynamic layout
of aircraft can be determined and its aerodynamic performance can be evaluated. Modern aircraft designs depend heavily on wind tunnels. For example,
in the 1950s, about 10,000 h of wind tunnel tests were conducted on the
U.S. b-52 bomber, and about 100,000 h were conducted on the first space
shuttle in the 1980s.
The wind tunnel tests are necessary for the design of a new aircraft.
The wind tunnel requires flow with various velocities, densities, and even
temperatures to simulate the real flight state of various aircraft. The flow
velocity in the wind tunnel is characterized by the Mach number (Ma) in
P. Liu
stall/tail rotation and characteristics of vertical movement of various aircraft.
NF-6 wind tunnel built by Northwestern Polytechnical University is the first
and only continuous supercharged high-speed wind tunnel that has been
already in operation in China. AVIC helicopter design and research institute has built a helicopter wind tunnel with a section size of 8 m × 6 m,
improving the testing and researching level of helicopter wind tunnel further.
In addition, with the completion and put into use of 8 m × 6 m lowspeed wind tunnel and 4-m dynamic wind tunnel, and the construction of
large modern wind tunnels such as 5.5 m × 4 m aeroacoustic wind tunnel,
3 m × 2 m icing wind tunnel, and 2.4 m × 2.4 m continuous transonic
wind tunnel, the ability of wind tunnel test will enter the ranks of the world’s
advanced level and will meet the demands of China’s aviation and spacecraft
development for wind tunnel test equipment.
6.2 Wind Tunnel Type
As a special kind of pipe, wind tunnel needs the power device of the fan
system to produce adjustable airflow, so that the flow field around the model
in the test section can simulate or partially simulate the original flow field.
Since F. H. Wenham (English) built the world’s first low-speed blow-down
wind tunnel in 1871, the American Wright brothers built another low-speed
blow-down wind tunnel in 1901 and tested their aircraft. It took 149 years for
the world to build wind tunnels. In order to meet the requirements of various
aerodynamic tests, a large number of different types of wind tunnel equipment were built in the middle of the twentieth century. Wind tunnels are
classified according to the Mach number (or speed) of the airflow in the test
section, including low-speed wind tunnels, subsonic wind tunnels, transonic
wind tunnels, supersonic wind tunnels, and hypersonic wind tunnels.
Wind tunnels are widely used to study the basic laws of aerodynamics, to
verify and develop relevant theories, and directly serve for the development of
various aircraft. Through wind tunnel experiments, the aerodynamic layout
of aircraft can be determined and its aerodynamic performance can be evaluated. Modern aircraft designs depend heavily on wind tunnels. For example,
in the 1950s, about 10,000 h of wind tunnel tests were conducted on the
U.S. b-52 bomber, and about 100,000 h were conducted on the first space
shuttle in the 1980s.
The wind tunnel tests are necessary for the design of a new aircraft.
The wind tunnel requires flow with various velocities, densities, and even
temperatures to simulate the real flight state of various aircraft. The flow
velocity in the wind tunnel is characterized by the Mach number (Ma) in