384
P. Liu
lab (ONERA) was a sub- and transonic wind tunnel with a cross-sectional
size of 1.94 m × 1.75 m.
Since the 1960s, with the emergence of third-generation fighter jets and
large passenger aircrafts, the flow around aircraft has become increasingly
complex and the Reynolds number (Re) effect has become a major problem.
The development of high-Reynolds number wind tunnels, including lowtemperature wind tunnels and pressurized wind tunnels, was facilitated.
Typical examples of the former were the US national transonic equipment
(NTF) and the European transonic wind tunnel (ETW). The examples of
the latter were the F1 wind tunnel of ONERA in France and the 5-m
supercharged wind tunnel of RAE in the UK.
Since the 1970s, as the problem of revision in Reynolds number and
aerodynamic noise came out, the typical production wind tunnel was built
and put into use successively, such as the LLF wind tunnel (aeroacoustic
wind tunnel) at German-Dutch Wind Tunnels (DNW) built in 1979, the
American NTF transonic wind tunnel (low-temperature transonic wind
tunnel) built in 1982, and the European ETW wind tunnel (low-temperature
transonic wind tunnel) built in 1993.
China has more than 50 low-speed wind tunnels and more than 30 transand supersonic wind tunnels. All the low-speed wind tunnels and transsupersonic wind tunnels used for aircraft development were built after the
founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. From the 1950s to the
1960s, the construction of 3-m low-speed wind tunnels and 0.6-m transand supersonic wind tunnels came to a climax. The low-speed wind tunnels
built during this period were as follows: the 3.5 m × 2.5 m low-speed wind
tunnel (FL-8) at the AVIC Aerodynamic Research Institute and 3 m × 3 m
low-speed wind tunnel (FD-09) at the China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics (CAAA). The transonic supersonic wind tunnels were as follows:
0.6 m × 0.6 m transonic supersonic wind tunnel (FL-1) constructed by
CAAA; 0.76 m × 0.53 m sub- and transonic wind tunnel (FD-08) and
0.6 m × 0.6 m transonic supersonic wind tunnel (FD-06) at CAAA; 0.64 m
× 0.52 m sub-and transonic wind tunnel (FL-7) at AVIC Aerodynamic
Research Institute; 0.6 m × 0.6 m transonic supersonic wind tunnel (NH1) at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Since the end of
1960s, with the establishment and development of the China Aerodynamics
Research and Development Center (CARDC), the wind tunnel construction
in China reached the second climax. By the early 1980s, the production lowspeed wind tunnels CARDC built were as follows: FL-12 (4 m × 3 m) and
FL-13 (8 m × 6 m, 12 m × 16 m). The supersonic wind tunnels were FL-21
(0.6 m × 0.6 m), FL-23 (0.6 m × 0.6 m), and FL-24 (1.2 m × 1.2 m). In
P. Liu
lab (ONERA) was a sub- and transonic wind tunnel with a cross-sectional
size of 1.94 m × 1.75 m.
Since the 1960s, with the emergence of third-generation fighter jets and
large passenger aircrafts, the flow around aircraft has become increasingly
complex and the Reynolds number (Re) effect has become a major problem.
The development of high-Reynolds number wind tunnels, including lowtemperature wind tunnels and pressurized wind tunnels, was facilitated.
Typical examples of the former were the US national transonic equipment
(NTF) and the European transonic wind tunnel (ETW). The examples of
the latter were the F1 wind tunnel of ONERA in France and the 5-m
supercharged wind tunnel of RAE in the UK.
Since the 1970s, as the problem of revision in Reynolds number and
aerodynamic noise came out, the typical production wind tunnel was built
and put into use successively, such as the LLF wind tunnel (aeroacoustic
wind tunnel) at German-Dutch Wind Tunnels (DNW) built in 1979, the
American NTF transonic wind tunnel (low-temperature transonic wind
tunnel) built in 1982, and the European ETW wind tunnel (low-temperature
transonic wind tunnel) built in 1993.
China has more than 50 low-speed wind tunnels and more than 30 transand supersonic wind tunnels. All the low-speed wind tunnels and transsupersonic wind tunnels used for aircraft development were built after the
founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. From the 1950s to the
1960s, the construction of 3-m low-speed wind tunnels and 0.6-m transand supersonic wind tunnels came to a climax. The low-speed wind tunnels
built during this period were as follows: the 3.5 m × 2.5 m low-speed wind
tunnel (FL-8) at the AVIC Aerodynamic Research Institute and 3 m × 3 m
low-speed wind tunnel (FD-09) at the China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics (CAAA). The transonic supersonic wind tunnels were as follows:
0.6 m × 0.6 m transonic supersonic wind tunnel (FL-1) constructed by
CAAA; 0.76 m × 0.53 m sub- and transonic wind tunnel (FD-08) and
0.6 m × 0.6 m transonic supersonic wind tunnel (FD-06) at CAAA; 0.64 m
× 0.52 m sub-and transonic wind tunnel (FL-7) at AVIC Aerodynamic
Research Institute; 0.6 m × 0.6 m transonic supersonic wind tunnel (NH1) at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Since the end of
1960s, with the establishment and development of the China Aerodynamics
Research and Development Center (CARDC), the wind tunnel construction
in China reached the second climax. By the early 1980s, the production lowspeed wind tunnels CARDC built were as follows: FL-12 (4 m × 3 m) and
FL-13 (8 m × 6 m, 12 m × 16 m). The supersonic wind tunnels were FL-21
(0.6 m × 0.6 m), FL-23 (0.6 m × 0.6 m), and FL-24 (1.2 m × 1.2 m). In