(e) The maintenance, durability, and cost should be as minimum as possible.
(f) The sensor material should be stable at normal environmental condition like
room temperature and room humidity.
(g) The material should interact separately and response selectively for different
analytes.
(h) The easy and complete recovery of the material at ambient condition.
Very few commercial nanomaterials-based sensors especially based on inorganic
oxide semiconductor nanomaterials are available. However, there are still some
serious unresolved problems in using nanomaterials as sensing materials for air
pollutants. Researchers in different fields like physics, chemistry, engineering,
biology and biochemistry, materials science, and others are trying hard to make
nanomaterials as sensor materials as common household utilizer. In that goal, the
global research and development on the field of gas sensors has occurred only within
the last 50 years. So far, however, they have not fully succeeded due to having the
inherent problem to develop a gas sensor like sensitivity, uncontrollable reactions
with analyte, poor stability, poor response, etc. Like the gas sensor, nanotechnology
developed within last 50–80 years is still in its inefficient developed stage. Moreover, the problems for the use of nanomaterials are associated with the problems in
synthesis, problems in reproducibility, problems in processability, problems in
mechanical and chemical stability, problems in their size and size distribution, and
problems in their surface properties, distribution in the composite, weak properties
of the composite, interfacial interaction in their composite, etc. There is still the need
for simple techniques that produce high-quality nanomaterials having reproducible
properties. Therefore, it is still the goal of sensor science and technology to create
nanomaterials that simultaneously increase chemical stability, sensitivity, reproducibility, and selectivity of sensor for real-time air pollution control. These novel
nanomaterials-based sensors for air pollution control will progress with time to be
as commonplace as the electronic gazettes like TV and refrigerator are today.
References
Acharyya D, Saini A, Bhattacharyya P (2018) Influence of rGO cladding in improving the
sensitivity and selectivity of ZnO nanoflowers-based alcohol sensor. IEEE Sensors J
18:1820–1827. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2018.2790084
Adhikari B, Kar P (2010) Polymers in chemical sensors. In: Korotcenkov G (ed) Chemical sensors,
vol 3. Momentum Press LLC, New York, pp 1–76
Al-Hadeethi Y, Umar A, Al-Heniti SH, Kumar R, Kim SH, Zhang X, Raffah BM (2017a) 2D
Sn-doped ZnO ultrathin nanosheet networks for enhanced acetone gas sensing application.
Ceram Int 43:2418–2423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.11.031
Al-Hadeethi Y, Umar A, Ibrahim AA, Al-Heniti SH, Kumar R, Baskoutas S, Raffah BM (2017b)
Synthesis, characterization and acetone gas sensing applications of Ag-doped ZnO nanoneedles.
Ceram Int 43:6765–6770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.02.088
Athawale AA, Bhagwat SV, Katre PP (2006) Nanocomposite of Pd–polyaniline as a selective
methanol sensor. Sensors Actuators B Chem 114:263–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2005.
05.009
392
P. Kar
(f) The sensor material should be stable at normal environmental condition like
room temperature and room humidity.
(g) The material should interact separately and response selectively for different
analytes.
(h) The easy and complete recovery of the material at ambient condition.
Very few commercial nanomaterials-based sensors especially based on inorganic
oxide semiconductor nanomaterials are available. However, there are still some
serious unresolved problems in using nanomaterials as sensing materials for air
pollutants. Researchers in different fields like physics, chemistry, engineering,
biology and biochemistry, materials science, and others are trying hard to make
nanomaterials as sensor materials as common household utilizer. In that goal, the
global research and development on the field of gas sensors has occurred only within
the last 50 years. So far, however, they have not fully succeeded due to having the
inherent problem to develop a gas sensor like sensitivity, uncontrollable reactions
with analyte, poor stability, poor response, etc. Like the gas sensor, nanotechnology
developed within last 50–80 years is still in its inefficient developed stage. Moreover, the problems for the use of nanomaterials are associated with the problems in
synthesis, problems in reproducibility, problems in processability, problems in
mechanical and chemical stability, problems in their size and size distribution, and
problems in their surface properties, distribution in the composite, weak properties
of the composite, interfacial interaction in their composite, etc. There is still the need
for simple techniques that produce high-quality nanomaterials having reproducible
properties. Therefore, it is still the goal of sensor science and technology to create
nanomaterials that simultaneously increase chemical stability, sensitivity, reproducibility, and selectivity of sensor for real-time air pollution control. These novel
nanomaterials-based sensors for air pollution control will progress with time to be
as commonplace as the electronic gazettes like TV and refrigerator are today.
References
Acharyya D, Saini A, Bhattacharyya P (2018) Influence of rGO cladding in improving the
sensitivity and selectivity of ZnO nanoflowers-based alcohol sensor. IEEE Sensors J
18:1820–1827. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2018.2790084
Adhikari B, Kar P (2010) Polymers in chemical sensors. In: Korotcenkov G (ed) Chemical sensors,
vol 3. Momentum Press LLC, New York, pp 1–76
Al-Hadeethi Y, Umar A, Al-Heniti SH, Kumar R, Kim SH, Zhang X, Raffah BM (2017a) 2D
Sn-doped ZnO ultrathin nanosheet networks for enhanced acetone gas sensing application.
Ceram Int 43:2418–2423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.11.031
Al-Hadeethi Y, Umar A, Ibrahim AA, Al-Heniti SH, Kumar R, Baskoutas S, Raffah BM (2017b)
Synthesis, characterization and acetone gas sensing applications of Ag-doped ZnO nanoneedles.
Ceram Int 43:6765–6770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.02.088
Athawale AA, Bhagwat SV, Katre PP (2006) Nanocomposite of Pd–polyaniline as a selective
methanol sensor. Sensors Actuators B Chem 114:263–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2005.
05.009
392
P. Kar