Chapter 6 Force, traction, and stress
194
6.1 Concepts of force and traction
196
6.2 Concept and analysis of stress
207
6.3 State of stress in the Earth
227
6.4 Concluding remarks
241
Chapter 7 Conservation of mass and momentum
243
7.1 Particle dynamics
245
7.2 Rigid-body dynamics and statics
248
7.3 Conservation of mass and momentum in a deformable
continuum
260
7.4 Field equations for the elastic solid and viscous fluid
276
7.5 Concluding remarks
285
Chapter 8 Elastic deformation
287
8.1 Estimating rock properties from geological field tests
288
8.2 The idealized elastic material
292
8.3 Quasi-static displacement boundary value problems
299
8.4 Quasi-static traction boundary value problems
308
8.5 Elastic properties from laboratory and engineering
field tests
319
8.6 Elastic heterogeneity and anisotropy
323
8.7 Concluding remarks
331
Chapter 9 Brittle behavior
333
9.1 Brittle deformation in the laboratory and in the field
334
9.2 Strength of laboratory samples
337
9.3 Brittle failure in a field of homogeneous stress
357
9.4 Brittle failure in a field of heterogeneous stress
364
9.5 Fracture propagation and fault growth
371
9.6 Concluding remarks
382
Chapter 10 Viscous flow
384
10.1 Rock deformation by viscous flow
385
10.2 Constitutive relations for isotropic viscous fluids
386
10.3 Plane and antiplane flow
388
10.4 Viscous flow in layers: mullions and folds
396
10.5 Flow of anisotropic viscous fluids
416
10.6 Concluding remarks
420
Chapter 11 Rheological behavior
421
11.1 Departures from linear viscous flow
422
11.2 Boudinage and the non-linear power-law fluid
423
11.3 Coupling of viscous flow and macroscopic diffusional
transport
440
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CONTENTS