Nur, A., Ron, H., and Scotti, O., 1986, Fault mechanics
and kinematics of block rotation. Geology 14: 746–9.
Nye, J. F., 1953, The flow law of ice from measurements
made in glacier tunnels, laboratory experiments,
and the Jungfrau borehole experiment. Proceedings of
the Royal Society of London, Series A 219: 477–89.
Nye, J. F., 1985, Physical Properties of Crystals. Oxford:
Clarendon Press.
Obert, L. and Duvall, W. I., 1967, Rock Mechanics and the
Design of Structures in Rock. New York: John Wiley and
Sons.
O’Connor, J. J. and Robertson, E. F., 2004, The MacTutor
History of Mathematics Archive. St. Andrews, Fife:
School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of
St. Andrews.
Odé, H., 1957, Mechanical analysis of the dike pattern
of the Spanish Peaks area, Colorado. Geological Society
of America Bulletin 68: 567–76.
Okada, Y., 1985, Surface deformation due to shear and
tensile faults in a half-space. Bulletin of the
Seismological Society of America 75: 1135–54.
Olson, J. and Pollard, D. D., 1989, Inferring palaeostresses from natural fracture patterns: a new
method. Geology 17: 345–8.
Olson, J. E., 1993, Joint pattern development: effects of
subcritical crack growth and mechanical crack interaction. Journal of Geophysical Research 98(B7):
12 251–65.
Olson, J. E. and Pollard, D. D., 1991, The initiation and
growth of en échelon veins. Journal of Structural Geology
13(5): 595–608.
Oppenheimer, D. H., Reasenberg, P. A., and Simpson,
R. W., 1988, Fault plane solutions for the 1984
Morgan Hill, California, earthquake sequence: evidence for the state of stress on the Calaveras fault.
Journal of Geophysical Research 93: 9007–26.
Owen, S., Segall, P., Freymueller, J., et al., 1995, Rapid
deformation of the south flank of Kilauea Volcano,
Hawaii. Science 267: 1328–32.
Ozkaya, S. I., 2002, QUADRO: a program to estimate
principal curvatures of folds. Computers and
Geosciences 28: 467–72.
Pachell, M. A., Evans, J. P., and Taylor, W. L., 2003,
Kilometer-scale kinking of crystalline rocks in a
transpressive convergent setting, Central Sierra
Nevada, California. Geological Society of America
Bulletin 115: 817–31.
Pan, E., Amadei, B., and Savage, W. Z., 1995,
Gravitational and tectonic stresses in anisotropic
rock with irregular topography. International Journal
of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science 32: 201–14.
Patel, J., Pappalardo, R. T., Head, J. W., III, et al., 1999,
Topographic wavelengths of Ganymede groove lanes
from Fourier analysis of Galileo images. Journal of
Geophysical Research, E, Planets 104: 24 057–74.
Paterson, M. S., 1978, Experimental Rock Deformation: the
Brittle Field. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Patton, T. L., Logan, J. M., and Friedman, M., 1998,
Experimentally generated normal faults in singlelayer and multilayer limestone specimens at confining pressure. Tectonophysics 295: 53–77.
Paul, B., 1960, Prediction of elastic constants of multiphase materials. Transactions of the Metallurgical
Society of AIME 218: 36–41.
Paul, B., 1961, Modification of the Coulomb–Mohr
theory of fracture. Journal of Applied Mechanics 28:
259–68.
Peacock, D. C. P., 1991, Displacement and segment
linkage strike-slip fault zones. Journal of Structural
Geology 13: 1025–35.
Peacock, D. C. P. and Marrett, R., 2000, Strain and stress:
reply. Journal of Structural Geology 22: 1369–78.
Peacock, D. C. P. and Sanderson, D. J., 1991,
Displacements, segment linkage and relay ramps in
normal fault zones. Journal of Structural Geology 13:
721–33.
Peacock, D. C. P. and Sanderson, D. J., 1994, Geometry
and development of relay ramps in normal fault
systems. American Association of Petroleum Geologists
Bulletin 78: 147–65.
Pearl, J., 2000, Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Peck, L., Barton, C. C., and Gordon, R. B., 1985,
Microstructure and the resistance of rock to tensile
fracture. Journal of Geophysical Research 90: 11 533–46.
Peng, S. and Johnson, A. M., 1972, Crack growth and
faulting in cylindrical specimens of Chelmsford
granite. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and
Mining Science 9: 37–86.
Peng, S. D., 1971, Stresses within elastic circular cylinders loaded uniaxially and triaxially. International
Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science 8:
339–432.
Peterson, I., 1993, Newton’s Clock: Chaos in the Solar
System. New York: Freeman.
Petit, J.-P. and Barquins, M., 1988, Can natural faults
propagate under mode II conditions? Tectonics 7:
1243–56.
Petit, J.-P. and Mattauer, M., 1995, Palaeostress superimposition deduced from mesoscale structures in limestone: the Matelles exposure, Languedoc, France.
Journal of Structural Geology 17(2): 245–56.
Phillips, F. C., 1954, The Use of Stereographic Projection in
Structural Geology. London: Edward Arnold.
490
REFERENCES
and kinematics of block rotation. Geology 14: 746–9.
Nye, J. F., 1953, The flow law of ice from measurements
made in glacier tunnels, laboratory experiments,
and the Jungfrau borehole experiment. Proceedings of
the Royal Society of London, Series A 219: 477–89.
Nye, J. F., 1985, Physical Properties of Crystals. Oxford:
Clarendon Press.
Obert, L. and Duvall, W. I., 1967, Rock Mechanics and the
Design of Structures in Rock. New York: John Wiley and
Sons.
O’Connor, J. J. and Robertson, E. F., 2004, The MacTutor
History of Mathematics Archive. St. Andrews, Fife:
School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of
St. Andrews.
Odé, H., 1957, Mechanical analysis of the dike pattern
of the Spanish Peaks area, Colorado. Geological Society
of America Bulletin 68: 567–76.
Okada, Y., 1985, Surface deformation due to shear and
tensile faults in a half-space. Bulletin of the
Seismological Society of America 75: 1135–54.
Olson, J. and Pollard, D. D., 1989, Inferring palaeostresses from natural fracture patterns: a new
method. Geology 17: 345–8.
Olson, J. E., 1993, Joint pattern development: effects of
subcritical crack growth and mechanical crack interaction. Journal of Geophysical Research 98(B7):
12 251–65.
Olson, J. E. and Pollard, D. D., 1991, The initiation and
growth of en échelon veins. Journal of Structural Geology
13(5): 595–608.
Oppenheimer, D. H., Reasenberg, P. A., and Simpson,
R. W., 1988, Fault plane solutions for the 1984
Morgan Hill, California, earthquake sequence: evidence for the state of stress on the Calaveras fault.
Journal of Geophysical Research 93: 9007–26.
Owen, S., Segall, P., Freymueller, J., et al., 1995, Rapid
deformation of the south flank of Kilauea Volcano,
Hawaii. Science 267: 1328–32.
Ozkaya, S. I., 2002, QUADRO: a program to estimate
principal curvatures of folds. Computers and
Geosciences 28: 467–72.
Pachell, M. A., Evans, J. P., and Taylor, W. L., 2003,
Kilometer-scale kinking of crystalline rocks in a
transpressive convergent setting, Central Sierra
Nevada, California. Geological Society of America
Bulletin 115: 817–31.
Pan, E., Amadei, B., and Savage, W. Z., 1995,
Gravitational and tectonic stresses in anisotropic
rock with irregular topography. International Journal
of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science 32: 201–14.
Patel, J., Pappalardo, R. T., Head, J. W., III, et al., 1999,
Topographic wavelengths of Ganymede groove lanes
from Fourier analysis of Galileo images. Journal of
Geophysical Research, E, Planets 104: 24 057–74.
Paterson, M. S., 1978, Experimental Rock Deformation: the
Brittle Field. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Patton, T. L., Logan, J. M., and Friedman, M., 1998,
Experimentally generated normal faults in singlelayer and multilayer limestone specimens at confining pressure. Tectonophysics 295: 53–77.
Paul, B., 1960, Prediction of elastic constants of multiphase materials. Transactions of the Metallurgical
Society of AIME 218: 36–41.
Paul, B., 1961, Modification of the Coulomb–Mohr
theory of fracture. Journal of Applied Mechanics 28:
259–68.
Peacock, D. C. P., 1991, Displacement and segment
linkage strike-slip fault zones. Journal of Structural
Geology 13: 1025–35.
Peacock, D. C. P. and Marrett, R., 2000, Strain and stress:
reply. Journal of Structural Geology 22: 1369–78.
Peacock, D. C. P. and Sanderson, D. J., 1991,
Displacements, segment linkage and relay ramps in
normal fault zones. Journal of Structural Geology 13:
721–33.
Peacock, D. C. P. and Sanderson, D. J., 1994, Geometry
and development of relay ramps in normal fault
systems. American Association of Petroleum Geologists
Bulletin 78: 147–65.
Pearl, J., 2000, Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Peck, L., Barton, C. C., and Gordon, R. B., 1985,
Microstructure and the resistance of rock to tensile
fracture. Journal of Geophysical Research 90: 11 533–46.
Peng, S. and Johnson, A. M., 1972, Crack growth and
faulting in cylindrical specimens of Chelmsford
granite. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and
Mining Science 9: 37–86.
Peng, S. D., 1971, Stresses within elastic circular cylinders loaded uniaxially and triaxially. International
Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science 8:
339–432.
Peterson, I., 1993, Newton’s Clock: Chaos in the Solar
System. New York: Freeman.
Petit, J.-P. and Barquins, M., 1988, Can natural faults
propagate under mode II conditions? Tectonics 7:
1243–56.
Petit, J.-P. and Mattauer, M., 1995, Palaeostress superimposition deduced from mesoscale structures in limestone: the Matelles exposure, Languedoc, France.
Journal of Structural Geology 17(2): 245–56.
Phillips, F. C., 1954, The Use of Stereographic Projection in
Structural Geology. London: Edward Arnold.
490
REFERENCES