16 Water Resources from Apuseni Mountains …
571
Hydrological monitoring of Apuseni Mountains is made through a structure of
hydrometric stations and representative hydrological basins, coordinated territorially
by three water basin administrations: Somes , -Tisa, Mures , and Cris , uri.
From the analysis of the rainfall, of the petrographic conditions, edaphic and
land-use patterns, it is apparent that at the level of the Apuseni Mountains water
resources have provided favorable conditions for development, under the quantitative
and qualitative report. The mountain areas with an altitude of over 1400 m, have
significant reserves of water, regarding the map of liquid flow layer.
The chronologic approach of the flow put out in evidence areas with different
types of hydric regime, but also in terms of the supply types of the rivers. Higher
values of runoff are recorded on river basins related to the upper sectors of the Cris , ul
Repede and Cris , ul Negru rivers and lower on water-courses, which drain the eastern
flank of the Trasc˘ au and Metaliferi mountains: Valea M˘ an˘ astirii, Galda, Ampoi s , i
Geoagiu.
A characteristic for the rivers from the Apuseni Mountains (in particular for those
developed on the western flank) the flow is relative high in the winter months, between
20 and 35% of the annual flow, while the spring by over 40%, in comparison with the
summer one, that does not exceed 15–25%, or with the autumn one with 10–15%.
16.6 Recommendations
Water resources of Apuseni Mountains can be better exploited in terms of floods
mitigation or quality protection. The lack of wastewater treatment plant for many
cities, led to frequent pollution episodes. The accelerated cutting of forests, especially
in the upper hydrographic basins, will lead in time to a higher frequency of floods, but
also to an increase of water turbidity. The closure of mining operations (in quarries
or underground) does not guarantee the quality of river safety. Due to their high
population density, compared with other mountain areas, the Apuseni Mountains
are dealing with a great human pressure, over aquatic environment. Ocassionally,
mostly in Spring, rivers changed into the most efficient sanitation agent, by taking
over huge amounts of waste and residues, abandoned voluntarily or involuntarily
around riverbeds. Future studies may emphasize the aspect mentioned above or can
develop more analysis on run-off process and its spatial and temporal distribution.
References
1. Alboiu M, Nitulescu M, Paduraru A (1962) The drying up of the rivers from the Cris , ul Repede
river basin (in Romanian), vol 3. Studii de hidrologie, Bucures , ti
2. Arghiu¸ s V (2006) The study of flash floods from the Apuseni Mountains Eastern slope water
courses and the associated risks (in Romanian), Casa C˘ ar¸ tii de ¸
Stiin¸ t˘ a, Cluj-Napoca, 251p
571
Hydrological monitoring of Apuseni Mountains is made through a structure of
hydrometric stations and representative hydrological basins, coordinated territorially
by three water basin administrations: Somes , -Tisa, Mures , and Cris , uri.
From the analysis of the rainfall, of the petrographic conditions, edaphic and
land-use patterns, it is apparent that at the level of the Apuseni Mountains water
resources have provided favorable conditions for development, under the quantitative
and qualitative report. The mountain areas with an altitude of over 1400 m, have
significant reserves of water, regarding the map of liquid flow layer.
The chronologic approach of the flow put out in evidence areas with different
types of hydric regime, but also in terms of the supply types of the rivers. Higher
values of runoff are recorded on river basins related to the upper sectors of the Cris , ul
Repede and Cris , ul Negru rivers and lower on water-courses, which drain the eastern
flank of the Trasc˘ au and Metaliferi mountains: Valea M˘ an˘ astirii, Galda, Ampoi s , i
Geoagiu.
A characteristic for the rivers from the Apuseni Mountains (in particular for those
developed on the western flank) the flow is relative high in the winter months, between
20 and 35% of the annual flow, while the spring by over 40%, in comparison with the
summer one, that does not exceed 15–25%, or with the autumn one with 10–15%.
16.6 Recommendations
Water resources of Apuseni Mountains can be better exploited in terms of floods
mitigation or quality protection. The lack of wastewater treatment plant for many
cities, led to frequent pollution episodes. The accelerated cutting of forests, especially
in the upper hydrographic basins, will lead in time to a higher frequency of floods, but
also to an increase of water turbidity. The closure of mining operations (in quarries
or underground) does not guarantee the quality of river safety. Due to their high
population density, compared with other mountain areas, the Apuseni Mountains
are dealing with a great human pressure, over aquatic environment. Ocassionally,
mostly in Spring, rivers changed into the most efficient sanitation agent, by taking
over huge amounts of waste and residues, abandoned voluntarily or involuntarily
around riverbeds. Future studies may emphasize the aspect mentioned above or can
develop more analysis on run-off process and its spatial and temporal distribution.
References
1. Alboiu M, Nitulescu M, Paduraru A (1962) The drying up of the rivers from the Cris , ul Repede
river basin (in Romanian), vol 3. Studii de hidrologie, Bucures , ti
2. Arghiu¸ s V (2006) The study of flash floods from the Apuseni Mountains Eastern slope water
courses and the associated risks (in Romanian), Casa C˘ ar¸ tii de ¸
Stiin¸ t˘ a, Cluj-Napoca, 251p