570
R. B˘ atina¸ s et al.
Regarding the liquid global flow, it has an average value of about 275 mm, with
maximum in the Somes , ul Mic basin (543 mm) and minimum values in the North of
Apuseni Mountains. The average value of the evapotranspiration reaches to 560 mm,
with a maximum of about 600 mm in the North and minimum under 500 mm in the
Somes , ul Mic basin (483 mm).
Regarding the Index of aridity, it has a global value of 0.69 on all the mountain
area, with the lowest value in the Somes , ul Mic basin (0.54), and the highest in the
area drained by the Middle Somes , (0.86).
If we exclude the space of the lower mountains from the northern Apuseni Mountains, the study area is defined by important quantities associated with precipitation
and runoff, combined with modest evapotranspiration. These elements make possible the framing of the studied space in the rich moisture area of Romanian territory
(Ujvari 1972).
16.5 Conclusions
The Apuseni Mountains area has a significantly hydric budget, spatially expressed
through a dense hydrographic network, with radial drainage, imposed by the high
sector of central ridge of the Bihor-Vl˘ adeasa and Muntele Mare mountains. The
entire space is a tributary of the Tisa river, which receives the entire budget of the
Apuseni Mountains through three major river systems: the Mure¸ s river, the Cris , uri
rivers and the Somes , river.
Having a very varied petrographic constitution, supplemented with a complicated
morphology, with frequent intercalations of depression areas between the mountain
chains, the Apuseni hydric budget is determined by the high rainfall quantities,
brought by western air masses advection.
The development of foehn processes, on the eastern flank, induce an uneven
distribution of water resources, in favour of the western flank. By the way, in this
area the maximum rainfall at the national level recorded.
The hydrogeology of the Apuseni Mountains is marked by the development of the
igneous structures, interleaved with metamorphic ones and on extensive areas with
limestone surfaces. The latter are constituted in territories with complex drainage,
expressed by numerous gorges and defiles sectors, but, also, by underground systems
of caves, potholes, sinkholes and karst springs flow.
The physical-geographical factors contribute to the formation of a vigorous hydrographic network, through the fluviatile systems prism. The natural laccustric inventory is modest but complemented by multiple anthropogenic lakes with multiple
functions: electric energy production, the water supply of the localities, mitigation
of the flash flood. These anthropogenous lakes are found especially on the upper
sector of the Somes , ul Mic and Cris , ul Repede rivers.
Underground resources present limited meanings from a therapeutic point of view,
except a small area from the southern perimeter of Metaliferi Mountains, where it
focuses more on hydro mineral and thermal sources.
R. B˘ atina¸ s et al.
Regarding the liquid global flow, it has an average value of about 275 mm, with
maximum in the Somes , ul Mic basin (543 mm) and minimum values in the North of
Apuseni Mountains. The average value of the evapotranspiration reaches to 560 mm,
with a maximum of about 600 mm in the North and minimum under 500 mm in the
Somes , ul Mic basin (483 mm).
Regarding the Index of aridity, it has a global value of 0.69 on all the mountain
area, with the lowest value in the Somes , ul Mic basin (0.54), and the highest in the
area drained by the Middle Somes , (0.86).
If we exclude the space of the lower mountains from the northern Apuseni Mountains, the study area is defined by important quantities associated with precipitation
and runoff, combined with modest evapotranspiration. These elements make possible the framing of the studied space in the rich moisture area of Romanian territory
(Ujvari 1972).
16.5 Conclusions
The Apuseni Mountains area has a significantly hydric budget, spatially expressed
through a dense hydrographic network, with radial drainage, imposed by the high
sector of central ridge of the Bihor-Vl˘ adeasa and Muntele Mare mountains. The
entire space is a tributary of the Tisa river, which receives the entire budget of the
Apuseni Mountains through three major river systems: the Mure¸ s river, the Cris , uri
rivers and the Somes , river.
Having a very varied petrographic constitution, supplemented with a complicated
morphology, with frequent intercalations of depression areas between the mountain
chains, the Apuseni hydric budget is determined by the high rainfall quantities,
brought by western air masses advection.
The development of foehn processes, on the eastern flank, induce an uneven
distribution of water resources, in favour of the western flank. By the way, in this
area the maximum rainfall at the national level recorded.
The hydrogeology of the Apuseni Mountains is marked by the development of the
igneous structures, interleaved with metamorphic ones and on extensive areas with
limestone surfaces. The latter are constituted in territories with complex drainage,
expressed by numerous gorges and defiles sectors, but, also, by underground systems
of caves, potholes, sinkholes and karst springs flow.
The physical-geographical factors contribute to the formation of a vigorous hydrographic network, through the fluviatile systems prism. The natural laccustric inventory is modest but complemented by multiple anthropogenic lakes with multiple
functions: electric energy production, the water supply of the localities, mitigation
of the flash flood. These anthropogenous lakes are found especially on the upper
sector of the Somes , ul Mic and Cris , ul Repede rivers.
Underground resources present limited meanings from a therapeutic point of view,
except a small area from the southern perimeter of Metaliferi Mountains, where it
focuses more on hydro mineral and thermal sources.