16 Water Resources from Apuseni Mountains …
563
The available data revealed certain peculiarities of the flow formation, correlated
with the physical-geographical factors influence: the trajectory of air masses from
west sector movement, the petrographic and morphological mosaic related to the
studied area.
The richest drainage is generated in the basin of the Arie¸ s river, which is monitored
through a number of 17 gauging stations. The main course, get through its tributaries,
to a multiannual average value of about 25 m
3 /s (Turda hydrometric station). An
important contribution, to this value, have the tributaries: Arie¸ sul Mic (3.22 m
3 /s),
Abrud (2.93 m
3 /s), Bistra, Pos , aga and Iara. In Some¸ sul Mic basin, the monitoring
is done at the level of 5 hydrometric stations, which cumulated at the level of the
Gil˘ au closure section, a multiannual average flow of 13.5 m
3 /s. The most consistent
volumes from the tributaries are collected by Some¸ sul Rece (5.19 m
3 /s) and R˘ ac˘ at˘ au
with 2.11 m
3 /s (Table 16.8).
In Cris , rivers basin, stands the hydrographic system of Cris , ul Repede river, which
drains important volumes of water, exceeding the threshold of 20 m
3 /s, multiannual
average value, at Vadu Cri¸ sului, gaging station. Lower values are associated with
Cris , ul Negru (13.1 m
3 /s at Beius , hydrometric station), respectively, on Cri¸ sul Alb
(3.66 m
3 /s at Cri¸ scior). The eastern slope and the southern is defined by a hydrographic network poorly evolved, which ensures quick drainage but insignificant. An
exception to this statement could be Ampoi River and Geoagiu valley (Alba county)
that have at the exit from mountain area, flow rates of more than 1 m
3 /s. The northern flank associated with middle Somes , basin, respectively with Barc˘ au creek, is
represented by the watercourses which do not have high flow rates.
Maximum runoff is an important parameter for quantitative assessment of the
water resource in terms of the effects they can generate on the anthropic component,
in particular, related to the city infrastructure, land use, security of communication
ways, etc. Expressed through the phases of high waters regime, respectively, episodes
of flash flood, the maximum runoff in the Apuseni Mountains, is manifested in
function of the specificities of the production and distribution in the territory of
rainfall.
Thus, the long duration rains and those rich in quantity, showers, heavy snowfalls,
or the sudden melting of accumulated snow can generate high flow rates. A special
peculiarity is represented by winter floods, atypical phenomena in the mountain
region in general. On the eastern flank, atypical episodes of warm waves, combined
with rain led to the generation of dangerous phenomena (the basin of Arie¸ s river,
the basin of the Some¸ sul Mic river—December 1995). The floods of winter can
be multiplied also by the formation of the foehnale circulation to the east. High
waters can be also the results of cumulated hydrological events (rich rainfall amounts
which fall over the snow layer found in the process of melting), which may generate
increased values of the flow rate at the beginning of spring. The floods of summer
are determined in general by the convective rains, which can reach amplitudes very
large, creating major floods (July 1975).
The drained layer at the level of the analysed area has values in a quite widely
range, from over 1000 mm (in the north-central part, with maximum altitudes of
the Bihor, Vl˘ adeasa, Muntele Mare), to low values of under 100 mm, to the periph-
563
The available data revealed certain peculiarities of the flow formation, correlated
with the physical-geographical factors influence: the trajectory of air masses from
west sector movement, the petrographic and morphological mosaic related to the
studied area.
The richest drainage is generated in the basin of the Arie¸ s river, which is monitored
through a number of 17 gauging stations. The main course, get through its tributaries,
to a multiannual average value of about 25 m
3 /s (Turda hydrometric station). An
important contribution, to this value, have the tributaries: Arie¸ sul Mic (3.22 m
3 /s),
Abrud (2.93 m
3 /s), Bistra, Pos , aga and Iara. In Some¸ sul Mic basin, the monitoring
is done at the level of 5 hydrometric stations, which cumulated at the level of the
Gil˘ au closure section, a multiannual average flow of 13.5 m
3 /s. The most consistent
volumes from the tributaries are collected by Some¸ sul Rece (5.19 m
3 /s) and R˘ ac˘ at˘ au
with 2.11 m
3 /s (Table 16.8).
In Cris , rivers basin, stands the hydrographic system of Cris , ul Repede river, which
drains important volumes of water, exceeding the threshold of 20 m
3 /s, multiannual
average value, at Vadu Cri¸ sului, gaging station. Lower values are associated with
Cris , ul Negru (13.1 m
3 /s at Beius , hydrometric station), respectively, on Cri¸ sul Alb
(3.66 m
3 /s at Cri¸ scior). The eastern slope and the southern is defined by a hydrographic network poorly evolved, which ensures quick drainage but insignificant. An
exception to this statement could be Ampoi River and Geoagiu valley (Alba county)
that have at the exit from mountain area, flow rates of more than 1 m
3 /s. The northern flank associated with middle Somes , basin, respectively with Barc˘ au creek, is
represented by the watercourses which do not have high flow rates.
Maximum runoff is an important parameter for quantitative assessment of the
water resource in terms of the effects they can generate on the anthropic component,
in particular, related to the city infrastructure, land use, security of communication
ways, etc. Expressed through the phases of high waters regime, respectively, episodes
of flash flood, the maximum runoff in the Apuseni Mountains, is manifested in
function of the specificities of the production and distribution in the territory of
rainfall.
Thus, the long duration rains and those rich in quantity, showers, heavy snowfalls,
or the sudden melting of accumulated snow can generate high flow rates. A special
peculiarity is represented by winter floods, atypical phenomena in the mountain
region in general. On the eastern flank, atypical episodes of warm waves, combined
with rain led to the generation of dangerous phenomena (the basin of Arie¸ s river,
the basin of the Some¸ sul Mic river—December 1995). The floods of winter can
be multiplied also by the formation of the foehnale circulation to the east. High
waters can be also the results of cumulated hydrological events (rich rainfall amounts
which fall over the snow layer found in the process of melting), which may generate
increased values of the flow rate at the beginning of spring. The floods of summer
are determined in general by the convective rains, which can reach amplitudes very
large, creating major floods (July 1975).
The drained layer at the level of the analysed area has values in a quite widely
range, from over 1000 mm (in the north-central part, with maximum altitudes of
the Bihor, Vl˘ adeasa, Muntele Mare), to low values of under 100 mm, to the periph-