34
G. Romanescu et al.
groups of hydrographic basins until 22nd of December 2009. The aim was to establish the fundamental orientations regarding the sustainable, unitary, balanced and
complex management of water resources and aquatic ecosystems, as well in order to
protect the wetlands [45, 46, 76, 95, 96].
The guidelines set the water quantity and quality objectives, meant to ensure:
– a good status of surface waters or, for the artificial or highly modified bodies of
water, a good ecological potential and a good chemical status of surface waters;
– a good chemical status and a balance between abstraction and recharge of groundwater resources;
– the optimal water supply for the usages;
– the reduction of the negative effects of waters due to floods, droughts and accidental
pollutions.
The Guideline of Development and Management of the hydrographical basin is
the planning tool in the field of waters on the hydrographical basin, and it comprises two parts: the development plan of the Hydrographical Basin (DPHB) and the
Hydrographical Basin Management Plan (MPHB).
Due to the increased pressure on water resources, the European Union has promoted legislative instruments for their protection and sustainable management. All
the European inhabitants will attain the same living standards regarding the aquatic
environment [97]. The implementation tool of the Framework Directive is the hydrographical basin (District) Management Plan that—based on knowing the status of
bodies of water—establishes the target objectives and proposes the measures stipulated for attaining a “good status” of waters.
The Romanian territory is 97.4% situated in the hydrographical basin of the
Danube, meaning 29% of its surface. The specific resource within the domestic rivers
is 1840 m
3 /in. year, which ranks Romania the 13th in Europe. Romania has the following categories of waters: permanent rivers 55,535 km, accounting for 70% of all
streams; non-permanent rivers 23,370 km, accounting for 30% of all streams; natural
lakes 117 with a surface exceeding 0.5 km
2 , of which 52% are in the Danube Delta;
reservoirs 255 with a surface exceeding 0.5 km
2 ; transitory waters 174 km; coastal
waters 116 km [54]. The transitory waters are surface bodies of water from the river
mouths, partially salinized by the seawaters, but heavily influenced by freshwaters
(Table 2.6).
The Romanian hydrographical network comprises 78,905 km in length and the
water resources within the domestic rivers are 40 billion m
3 , namely 20% of the
water resources in the Danube. The specific resource within the domestic rivers is
1840 m
3 /in. year (the 13th in Europe). Water management by hydrographical basins
debuted on the Romanian territory as late as 1959. The hydrographical basin of the
Danube comprises a surface of 232,193 km
2 of the Romanian surface, namely 97.4%.
The same basin also includes the coastal waters as well as the basins of the tributaries
discharging in the Black Sea (5198 km
2 ), thus forming the Danube Hydrographical
District (in conformity with the provisions of the Framework Directive 2000/60/EC).
The coastal waters, also influenced by those of the Danube, are delimited to a nautical
mile (1852 m) to the shoreline.
G. Romanescu et al.
groups of hydrographic basins until 22nd of December 2009. The aim was to establish the fundamental orientations regarding the sustainable, unitary, balanced and
complex management of water resources and aquatic ecosystems, as well in order to
protect the wetlands [45, 46, 76, 95, 96].
The guidelines set the water quantity and quality objectives, meant to ensure:
– a good status of surface waters or, for the artificial or highly modified bodies of
water, a good ecological potential and a good chemical status of surface waters;
– a good chemical status and a balance between abstraction and recharge of groundwater resources;
– the optimal water supply for the usages;
– the reduction of the negative effects of waters due to floods, droughts and accidental
pollutions.
The Guideline of Development and Management of the hydrographical basin is
the planning tool in the field of waters on the hydrographical basin, and it comprises two parts: the development plan of the Hydrographical Basin (DPHB) and the
Hydrographical Basin Management Plan (MPHB).
Due to the increased pressure on water resources, the European Union has promoted legislative instruments for their protection and sustainable management. All
the European inhabitants will attain the same living standards regarding the aquatic
environment [97]. The implementation tool of the Framework Directive is the hydrographical basin (District) Management Plan that—based on knowing the status of
bodies of water—establishes the target objectives and proposes the measures stipulated for attaining a “good status” of waters.
The Romanian territory is 97.4% situated in the hydrographical basin of the
Danube, meaning 29% of its surface. The specific resource within the domestic rivers
is 1840 m
3 /in. year, which ranks Romania the 13th in Europe. Romania has the following categories of waters: permanent rivers 55,535 km, accounting for 70% of all
streams; non-permanent rivers 23,370 km, accounting for 30% of all streams; natural
lakes 117 with a surface exceeding 0.5 km
2 , of which 52% are in the Danube Delta;
reservoirs 255 with a surface exceeding 0.5 km
2 ; transitory waters 174 km; coastal
waters 116 km [54]. The transitory waters are surface bodies of water from the river
mouths, partially salinized by the seawaters, but heavily influenced by freshwaters
(Table 2.6).
The Romanian hydrographical network comprises 78,905 km in length and the
water resources within the domestic rivers are 40 billion m
3 , namely 20% of the
water resources in the Danube. The specific resource within the domestic rivers is
1840 m
3 /in. year (the 13th in Europe). Water management by hydrographical basins
debuted on the Romanian territory as late as 1959. The hydrographical basin of the
Danube comprises a surface of 232,193 km
2 of the Romanian surface, namely 97.4%.
The same basin also includes the coastal waters as well as the basins of the tributaries
discharging in the Black Sea (5198 km
2 ), thus forming the Danube Hydrographical
District (in conformity with the provisions of the Framework Directive 2000/60/EC).
The coastal waters, also influenced by those of the Danube, are delimited to a nautical
mile (1852 m) to the shoreline.