12 Water Resources from Romanian Upper Tisa Basin
395
The study of the water bodies from the framework of different natural units or
complex areas is another preoccupation of the researchers [6, 15, 19, 26, 28, 42,
52, 56, 58], since the formation of water drainage and implicitly of water resource
depends on natural factors that condition it. In exchange, some researchers correlate,
in their study, the water resources with the global or local water circuits from nature, or
find alternatives for profitably using the water resources copying processing models
or methods based on those from nature [32, 63].
Important are also the feeding sources of some water reservoirs or of the reservoirs
themselves, since their monitoring can assure a balance in the profitable resource use
[8, 13, 14, 16, 33, 39, 57], and often if these water sources or bodies are affected. This
compromises the entire water volume, leading it to a categorization in the low-quality
categories.
There are also researchers who try different scenarios, projections for the future,
regarding the water resources evolution and management in the short, medium and
long run, since for a positive dynamics of the population and of the activities associated to it there may appear even great dysfunctionalities, both quantitatively, and
qualitatively [12, 20, 25, 59].
Modelling in the study of the global or local water resources, or the application of
different study methodologies, are more recent and foremost preoccupations of the
researchers, since it can forecast their dynamics and can allow a real-time monitoring
of their evolution [24, 37, 38, 43, 50, 55].
The ground or underground water resource is frequently correlated to the precipitations input, since there are important similitudes and interdependences in the
quantities’ fluctuation [44, 61, 62]. Moreover, pluvial water can constitute a not at
all negligible resource, especially in the areas with water deficit.
A more recent water management branch is dedicated to the study of their drainage
inside the human habitats, especially the urban ones, where the impermeable surfaces
trigger very significant pluvial water drainage on the ground level [60, 62].
The Romanian Upper Tisza basin is quite well studied, regarding the water
resource or the hydric phenomena which occur in this area. The works go from
doctoral theses organized on hydrographic basins, to dedicated thematic papers or
works derived from large-scale projects [4, 10, 29, 34, 47, 52, 40, 41, 43–50].
The area under analysis has no problems regarding the water resource, being part,
according to many studies, of the areas with abundant water balance [10, 34, 40, 52,
etc.] yet numerous hazard elements can be identified, either quantitative or qualitative
[4, 10, 34, 41, 45, 47, 49].
The fast component of the maximal drainage stage is very frequently present,
with its pertaining hazards and risks, as well as winter phenomena along the water
courses, and the structural management and protection measures are almost totally
missing [10, 41, 47, 49]. Also enough local or areal pollution events damage the
water resource of this zone, considering the household residues or those coming
from mining exploitation inadequately closed [45].
395
The study of the water bodies from the framework of different natural units or
complex areas is another preoccupation of the researchers [6, 15, 19, 26, 28, 42,
52, 56, 58], since the formation of water drainage and implicitly of water resource
depends on natural factors that condition it. In exchange, some researchers correlate,
in their study, the water resources with the global or local water circuits from nature, or
find alternatives for profitably using the water resources copying processing models
or methods based on those from nature [32, 63].
Important are also the feeding sources of some water reservoirs or of the reservoirs
themselves, since their monitoring can assure a balance in the profitable resource use
[8, 13, 14, 16, 33, 39, 57], and often if these water sources or bodies are affected. This
compromises the entire water volume, leading it to a categorization in the low-quality
categories.
There are also researchers who try different scenarios, projections for the future,
regarding the water resources evolution and management in the short, medium and
long run, since for a positive dynamics of the population and of the activities associated to it there may appear even great dysfunctionalities, both quantitatively, and
qualitatively [12, 20, 25, 59].
Modelling in the study of the global or local water resources, or the application of
different study methodologies, are more recent and foremost preoccupations of the
researchers, since it can forecast their dynamics and can allow a real-time monitoring
of their evolution [24, 37, 38, 43, 50, 55].
The ground or underground water resource is frequently correlated to the precipitations input, since there are important similitudes and interdependences in the
quantities’ fluctuation [44, 61, 62]. Moreover, pluvial water can constitute a not at
all negligible resource, especially in the areas with water deficit.
A more recent water management branch is dedicated to the study of their drainage
inside the human habitats, especially the urban ones, where the impermeable surfaces
trigger very significant pluvial water drainage on the ground level [60, 62].
The Romanian Upper Tisza basin is quite well studied, regarding the water
resource or the hydric phenomena which occur in this area. The works go from
doctoral theses organized on hydrographic basins, to dedicated thematic papers or
works derived from large-scale projects [4, 10, 29, 34, 47, 52, 40, 41, 43–50].
The area under analysis has no problems regarding the water resource, being part,
according to many studies, of the areas with abundant water balance [10, 34, 40, 52,
etc.] yet numerous hazard elements can be identified, either quantitative or qualitative
[4, 10, 34, 41, 45, 47, 49].
The fast component of the maximal drainage stage is very frequently present,
with its pertaining hazards and risks, as well as winter phenomena along the water
courses, and the structural management and protection measures are almost totally
missing [10, 41, 47, 49]. Also enough local or areal pollution events damage the
water resource of this zone, considering the household residues or those coming
from mining exploitation inadequately closed [45].