394
G. ¸
Serban et al.
volume of average flow, the average drained layer, the average specific runoff, the
coefficient of average river-flow. The fourth part is focused on the analysis of the
way in which the population benefits of water resources in terms of the quantity and
of the failures existing in the water supply systems. A flow layer composite raster
structure was built, for comparing the surface natural resource with used by population water resource, and showing the areas where the amount of water available
for the population is in deficit. The study ends with some conclusions related to the
analysed subject and with the list of references.
Keywords Romanian Upper Tisa Basin · GIS · Flow indicators · Water resource ·
Water supply
12.1 Introduction
The water resource is a universal, global, and at the same time delicate, problem,
since it proves to be increasingly harder to manage, both quantitatively and especially
qualitatively. The numerous complex studies and projects made by specialists find it
hard to keep the pace with the fast transformations occurring in the water resources
evolution, and hardly contribute to solving the problems related to it. Moreover, the
authorities’ contribution to the water resource management is sometimes difficult to
provide, depending on the level of development of the respective state and on the
desire to get involved in the solving of the problems, on the level of endowment of
the institutions managing the situation, on the automation implemented for a better
decision-making efficiency.
During the last decennia on the first position have moved the problems related to
extreme manifestations of the hydrological phenomena, which come to complicate
even more the management of this resource. Whether we talk about massive excess
and floods, or about scarcity, the solving of the problems becomes increasingly
difficult, especially as these phenomena become more severe and chronic, on the
background of the climate changes. Section 12.1.1 will present the related state-ofthe-aret review of the water resources.
12.1.1 Literature About Water Resources
Some authors are concerned by issues related to the efficient use and economic
component of the water resource [2, 17, 18, 25, 27, 30, 51], or refer to the supplying
of water to the population or to other functionalities [58].
Other authors have turned their attention to the study of the hazards affecting
the water resource or the ecosystems [3, 11, 31, 47, 49, 54], or to the study of the
physico-chemical components of this resource in protected areas [4, 45, 48].
G. ¸
Serban et al.
volume of average flow, the average drained layer, the average specific runoff, the
coefficient of average river-flow. The fourth part is focused on the analysis of the
way in which the population benefits of water resources in terms of the quantity and
of the failures existing in the water supply systems. A flow layer composite raster
structure was built, for comparing the surface natural resource with used by population water resource, and showing the areas where the amount of water available
for the population is in deficit. The study ends with some conclusions related to the
analysed subject and with the list of references.
Keywords Romanian Upper Tisa Basin · GIS · Flow indicators · Water resource ·
Water supply
12.1 Introduction
The water resource is a universal, global, and at the same time delicate, problem,
since it proves to be increasingly harder to manage, both quantitatively and especially
qualitatively. The numerous complex studies and projects made by specialists find it
hard to keep the pace with the fast transformations occurring in the water resources
evolution, and hardly contribute to solving the problems related to it. Moreover, the
authorities’ contribution to the water resource management is sometimes difficult to
provide, depending on the level of development of the respective state and on the
desire to get involved in the solving of the problems, on the level of endowment of
the institutions managing the situation, on the automation implemented for a better
decision-making efficiency.
During the last decennia on the first position have moved the problems related to
extreme manifestations of the hydrological phenomena, which come to complicate
even more the management of this resource. Whether we talk about massive excess
and floods, or about scarcity, the solving of the problems becomes increasingly
difficult, especially as these phenomena become more severe and chronic, on the
background of the climate changes. Section 12.1.1 will present the related state-ofthe-aret review of the water resources.
12.1.1 Literature About Water Resources
Some authors are concerned by issues related to the efficient use and economic
component of the water resource [2, 17, 18, 25, 27, 30, 51], or refer to the supplying
of water to the population or to other functionalities [58].
Other authors have turned their attention to the study of the hazards affecting
the water resource or the ecosystems [3, 11, 31, 47, 49, 54], or to the study of the
physico-chemical components of this resource in protected areas [4, 45, 48].