264
C. Trifanov et al.
in hectares, representing 418,542,788 ha. The lowest percentage area (3%) is characterized by urban areas, industrial or commercial areas and communications networks,
mining areas, landfills and yards, and non-agricultural artificial land, and the occupied space expressed in hectares is of 17,651,021 Ha. A 24% share and is represented
by forests and semi-natural areas 17%, wetlands 5% and water areas 2%, and the
occupied area in hectares is 143,160,973 ha. The ratio between the different areas is
3.05 and represents the imbalance between natural and man-made areas. Researches
on the situation in the Danube floodplain reveal a natural imbalance. Among many
anthropogenic interventions in the last 20–30 years and their adverse effects on the
environment, these are the most damaging actions: reduction of the Danube hydrodynamic area, draining of the ponds, cutting the channels that fragment the landscape
both longitudinally and transversely, poaching of any nature, extermination of specific forests from the floodplain and on the terraces (especially the high valuable
species—oak, black poplar). As a consequence of all these actions, the flora, fauna
and natural diversity have catastrophically diminished. The erosions and landslides
have grown more and more, especially at the edges of the Danube terraces, with catastrophic consequences for the neighboring localities, which require an improvement
of the equipotential relationship through rehabilitation, restoration and ecological
rehabilitation works.
8.3.2 Hydrological Scenarios in Danube’s Floodplain
Based on the analysis of the efficiency indicators and the cost-benefit ratio carried
out in the previous phase of the study, resulted in the map of the economic activity
in the Danube floodplain (Romanian sector) (Fig. 8.11).
For the analyzed hydrological scenarios, all the polders suitable for agriculture
and renaturation were taken into consideration, and of those suitable for water storage
were not selected the small ones and the fish farms, the decrease of the storage area
is 6.1%.
The hydrological scenario took into consideration the following polders
(Fig. 8.12):
• The inclusion of suitable polders for renaturing purposes (75.439 ha);
• “Inclusion” (does not apply for the hydraulic schematization) of agricultural polders (205.006 ha);
• Without the polders suitable for water storage (193.111 ha).
The comparative results between the hydrological scenario with the reforestation
of the above-mentioned agricultural enclosures and the hydrological scenario without
any intervention on the existing polders are displayed for the hydrometric stations
where differences were found (Figs. 8.13, 8.14 and 8.15). The maximum values of
the decrease of the Danube water level, in the case of renaturing the analyzed polders,
are consistent in certain areas along the Danube river but in other areas, the level
decrease is negligible or less than 3 cm (Fig. 8.16).
C. Trifanov et al.
in hectares, representing 418,542,788 ha. The lowest percentage area (3%) is characterized by urban areas, industrial or commercial areas and communications networks,
mining areas, landfills and yards, and non-agricultural artificial land, and the occupied space expressed in hectares is of 17,651,021 Ha. A 24% share and is represented
by forests and semi-natural areas 17%, wetlands 5% and water areas 2%, and the
occupied area in hectares is 143,160,973 ha. The ratio between the different areas is
3.05 and represents the imbalance between natural and man-made areas. Researches
on the situation in the Danube floodplain reveal a natural imbalance. Among many
anthropogenic interventions in the last 20–30 years and their adverse effects on the
environment, these are the most damaging actions: reduction of the Danube hydrodynamic area, draining of the ponds, cutting the channels that fragment the landscape
both longitudinally and transversely, poaching of any nature, extermination of specific forests from the floodplain and on the terraces (especially the high valuable
species—oak, black poplar). As a consequence of all these actions, the flora, fauna
and natural diversity have catastrophically diminished. The erosions and landslides
have grown more and more, especially at the edges of the Danube terraces, with catastrophic consequences for the neighboring localities, which require an improvement
of the equipotential relationship through rehabilitation, restoration and ecological
rehabilitation works.
8.3.2 Hydrological Scenarios in Danube’s Floodplain
Based on the analysis of the efficiency indicators and the cost-benefit ratio carried
out in the previous phase of the study, resulted in the map of the economic activity
in the Danube floodplain (Romanian sector) (Fig. 8.11).
For the analyzed hydrological scenarios, all the polders suitable for agriculture
and renaturation were taken into consideration, and of those suitable for water storage
were not selected the small ones and the fish farms, the decrease of the storage area
is 6.1%.
The hydrological scenario took into consideration the following polders
(Fig. 8.12):
• The inclusion of suitable polders for renaturing purposes (75.439 ha);
• “Inclusion” (does not apply for the hydraulic schematization) of agricultural polders (205.006 ha);
• Without the polders suitable for water storage (193.111 ha).
The comparative results between the hydrological scenario with the reforestation
of the above-mentioned agricultural enclosures and the hydrological scenario without
any intervention on the existing polders are displayed for the hydrometric stations
where differences were found (Figs. 8.13, 8.14 and 8.15). The maximum values of
the decrease of the Danube water level, in the case of renaturing the analyzed polders,
are consistent in certain areas along the Danube river but in other areas, the level
decrease is negligible or less than 3 cm (Fig. 8.16).