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C. Trifanov et al.
and launched to assist the Romanian Government in the long-term strategic planning process, to achieve the objectives of the Water Framework Directive and to
effectively implement prevention, protection and mitigation of floods, mentioned in
the National Strategy for Flood Risk Management. In this sense, a thorough and
complex study, based on LiDAR measurements, hydraulic modeling and economic
assessment, was conducted to evaluate the functionality of the floodplain as a whole
and within agricultural units to determine the equipotential areas for flood-free future
and sustainable development of the region. Thus, there were identified three types of
areas: the first type represents the areas with only agricultural potential, the second
type are, the areas with potential to be ecologically restored (to establish the natural
flow of energy and circulation of matter) and the third one is a combination of the
first two.
Keywords Economic activities · Ecosystem balance · Equipotential areas ·
Floodplain · Lower danube
8.1 Introduction
The Danube River is, after River Volga, the second biggest in Europe with an area
of 817,000 km
2 and a length of 2778 km from which 1075 km borders Romanian
territory in the southern part (Fig. 8.1). The catchment area of River Danube covers
at present territories of 18 riparian states. Out of which 13 states hold territories in
the Danube Basin bigger than 2000 km
2 [1–5].
The lower floodplain of the Danube River is formed by the complex action of
lateral erosion and alluvial sedimentation process under the influence of the general
upward trend of the riverbed and the seasonal oscillations of the water levels and
flows. According to the existing bioindicators data, it has been established that the
Danube river water quality may be framed in the beta-mesosaprobic limits. In Romania 7 river basins are connected to the Danube, 97.8% of the Romanian surface are
included in the Danube River Basin, 30% of the Danube River Basin is in Romania
[6, 7]. Biocenoses are total or partial impaired in the polluted sections such as downstream confluence with Dambovita River, where plant and animal organisms were
not identified. Dambovita River intercepts domestic and industrial wastewaters from
Bucharest. The wastewaters disturb the ecological balance, with biological devastation phenomenon. The flow of the Arges in the Danube determines alteration of
the water river quality in the confluence area and adverse changes of planktonic and
benthic biocenoses downstream [8–20].
The main water management issues to be solved along the Danube are flood
effects mitigation, drought effects mitigation, control of torrents, soil erosion and
land degradation, use of water power potential level and protection of the Black Sea
coast against erosion and beach rehabilitation [21–27]. Romania aims to increase
the water treatment and connectivity of citizens to centralized water systems by
70%. During 1960 during 1960–1989, the water quality of inland rivers and Danube
C. Trifanov et al.
and launched to assist the Romanian Government in the long-term strategic planning process, to achieve the objectives of the Water Framework Directive and to
effectively implement prevention, protection and mitigation of floods, mentioned in
the National Strategy for Flood Risk Management. In this sense, a thorough and
complex study, based on LiDAR measurements, hydraulic modeling and economic
assessment, was conducted to evaluate the functionality of the floodplain as a whole
and within agricultural units to determine the equipotential areas for flood-free future
and sustainable development of the region. Thus, there were identified three types of
areas: the first type represents the areas with only agricultural potential, the second
type are, the areas with potential to be ecologically restored (to establish the natural
flow of energy and circulation of matter) and the third one is a combination of the
first two.
Keywords Economic activities · Ecosystem balance · Equipotential areas ·
Floodplain · Lower danube
8.1 Introduction
The Danube River is, after River Volga, the second biggest in Europe with an area
of 817,000 km
2 and a length of 2778 km from which 1075 km borders Romanian
territory in the southern part (Fig. 8.1). The catchment area of River Danube covers
at present territories of 18 riparian states. Out of which 13 states hold territories in
the Danube Basin bigger than 2000 km
2 [1–5].
The lower floodplain of the Danube River is formed by the complex action of
lateral erosion and alluvial sedimentation process under the influence of the general
upward trend of the riverbed and the seasonal oscillations of the water levels and
flows. According to the existing bioindicators data, it has been established that the
Danube river water quality may be framed in the beta-mesosaprobic limits. In Romania 7 river basins are connected to the Danube, 97.8% of the Romanian surface are
included in the Danube River Basin, 30% of the Danube River Basin is in Romania
[6, 7]. Biocenoses are total or partial impaired in the polluted sections such as downstream confluence with Dambovita River, where plant and animal organisms were
not identified. Dambovita River intercepts domestic and industrial wastewaters from
Bucharest. The wastewaters disturb the ecological balance, with biological devastation phenomenon. The flow of the Arges in the Danube determines alteration of
the water river quality in the confluence area and adverse changes of planktonic and
benthic biocenoses downstream [8–20].
The main water management issues to be solved along the Danube are flood
effects mitigation, drought effects mitigation, control of torrents, soil erosion and
land degradation, use of water power potential level and protection of the Black Sea
coast against erosion and beach rehabilitation [21–27]. Romania aims to increase
the water treatment and connectivity of citizens to centralized water systems by
70%. During 1960 during 1960–1989, the water quality of inland rivers and Danube