148
F. Morar et al.
• Population emigration due to deterioration of environmental conditions in general
and of water quality in particular;
• Affecting protected areas of scientific or touristic interest.
Hydrological and Hydrogeological Consequences:
• Change in flows due to the pollution of surface water, but especially of underground water, due to changes in superficial tension, viscosity, adsorption power,
soil permeability;
• The premature clogging of the river beds and especially of the beds of accumulation
lakes.
The effects of pollutants can be assessed both by their behavior over time and by
their nature. It is difficult to determine which of the two forms is more dangerous
for the aquatic ecosystem because everything depends on the levels at which these
effects are manifested.
For example, in the case of accidental pollution (more commonly encountered
are those caused by hydrocarbons), the first environmental factor which is affected
is surface water.
Due to its immiscibility with water, most of the pollutant rises to the surface of the
water, thus preventing atmospheric air diffusion. Pollutants also cause major changes
in water quality, making it improper for agriculture, animal husbandry, agreement,
feeding the population, etc. [29, 38].
Accidents with hydrocarbons on surface waters, therefore, have a negative influence on abiotic environmental factors by altering their physicochemical and biological properties. At the same time, accidents directly or indirectly cause a number of
harmful effects on abiotic factors with which biotic factors are interdependent.
The aquatic environment is much more complex than the land and air in that the
interdependence between the environment and the body is much closer in the case of
aquatic life than in the case of land. As a result, the effects of the impact of aquatic
organisms in case of accidental spills with oil products is much stronger than in
terrestrial animals.
The impact on aquatic ecosystems varies due to the degradation of the oil and
the long exposure period. In general, acute or chronic exposure levels are toxic and
dangerous to aquatic organisms [39, 40].
Numerous laboratory and field studies, as well as studies on discharges, have
generated consistent observations about the potential effects of spilled oil products
on the marine biotope [41].
Analyzing the data provided by the National Agency “Romanian Waters” (ANAR)
(Table 4.3) regarding accidental pollutants it is noticed that more than half of the
accidental pollution produced during the period 2000–2011 is represented by oil
pollution [42, 7].
As a result of the pollution, a restructuring of aquatic biocenosis takes place in
the water stream, the dissolved oxygen concentration and the biological oxygen consumption change. The amount of dissolved oxygen in the watercourse is influenced
both actively and passively:
F. Morar et al.
• Population emigration due to deterioration of environmental conditions in general
and of water quality in particular;
• Affecting protected areas of scientific or touristic interest.
Hydrological and Hydrogeological Consequences:
• Change in flows due to the pollution of surface water, but especially of underground water, due to changes in superficial tension, viscosity, adsorption power,
soil permeability;
• The premature clogging of the river beds and especially of the beds of accumulation
lakes.
The effects of pollutants can be assessed both by their behavior over time and by
their nature. It is difficult to determine which of the two forms is more dangerous
for the aquatic ecosystem because everything depends on the levels at which these
effects are manifested.
For example, in the case of accidental pollution (more commonly encountered
are those caused by hydrocarbons), the first environmental factor which is affected
is surface water.
Due to its immiscibility with water, most of the pollutant rises to the surface of the
water, thus preventing atmospheric air diffusion. Pollutants also cause major changes
in water quality, making it improper for agriculture, animal husbandry, agreement,
feeding the population, etc. [29, 38].
Accidents with hydrocarbons on surface waters, therefore, have a negative influence on abiotic environmental factors by altering their physicochemical and biological properties. At the same time, accidents directly or indirectly cause a number of
harmful effects on abiotic factors with which biotic factors are interdependent.
The aquatic environment is much more complex than the land and air in that the
interdependence between the environment and the body is much closer in the case of
aquatic life than in the case of land. As a result, the effects of the impact of aquatic
organisms in case of accidental spills with oil products is much stronger than in
terrestrial animals.
The impact on aquatic ecosystems varies due to the degradation of the oil and
the long exposure period. In general, acute or chronic exposure levels are toxic and
dangerous to aquatic organisms [39, 40].
Numerous laboratory and field studies, as well as studies on discharges, have
generated consistent observations about the potential effects of spilled oil products
on the marine biotope [41].
Analyzing the data provided by the National Agency “Romanian Waters” (ANAR)
(Table 4.3) regarding accidental pollutants it is noticed that more than half of the
accidental pollution produced during the period 2000–2011 is represented by oil
pollution [42, 7].
As a result of the pollution, a restructuring of aquatic biocenosis takes place in
the water stream, the dissolved oxygen concentration and the biological oxygen consumption change. The amount of dissolved oxygen in the watercourse is influenced
both actively and passively: