4 Management of Surfaces Water Resources—Ecological Status …
145
• A tool for determining water polluters in case of environmental accidents investigations.
The water quality in Romania is monitored according to the structure and methodological principles of the Integrated Water Monitoring System in Romania (I.W.M.S),
restructured according to the requirements of the European Directives.
The national water monitoring system comprises two types of monitoring
activities, as required by Law 310/2004 amending and supplementing the Water
Law 107/1996, which included the provisions of the Water Framework Directive
60/2000/EEC and other EU Directives. In this way, a monitoring activity is carried
out to evaluate the status of all water bodies within the river basins, and an operational monitoring activity involves bodies of water at risk of failing to meet water
protection objectives [10, 32].
Depending on the qualitative characteristics of the water bodies, various types
of monitoring programs were developed in accordance with the requirements of the
Water Framework Directive [33].
The following must be mentioned: Surveillance Program (S), the Operational
Program (O), the Investigation Program (I) The Reference (R) and Best Available
Section Program (BASP), Drinking Water Program (DW), Intercalibration Program
(IC), Monitoring Program for Vulnerable Areas for Nitrate Pollution, Ihtiofauna
Monitoring Program (IH) for Habitats and Species Protection (HS), the International
Conventions Program (CI) and the Highly Modified Waters (HMW) Program.
I.W.M.S contains 6 components (subsystems):
• Flowing surface waters;
• Lakes (natural and of accumulation);
• Transitional waters (river and lake);
• Coastal waters;
• Underground waters;
• Wastewater.
From the point of view of the areas where the monitoring activities are applied,
the most important are chemical monitoring, biological monitoring, ecotoxicological
monitoring.
In the case of emission monitoring, it is assumed that the limits of the pollutant
compounds in the waters discharged into emissaries do not depend on the change in
river quality level and that the basic element is to prevent pollution of the emissary.
The requirements for reducing the amount of polluting substances in discharged
waters into emissaries depend on the toxicity of these substances and their persistence
and tendency to accumulate and bio accumulate in the aquatic environment [16].
Emission monitoring should provide an overview of the whole basin with all
tributaries that introduce water with varying degrees of pollution. It should also
track impacts on the aquatic environment, and the purpose for which water is used,
but also study the cumulative effect of pollutants and decomposition products and
highlight sources of diffuse pollution.
If it is desired to design a monitoring system for a particular river basin or tributary,
it must necessarily take at least two stages:
145
• A tool for determining water polluters in case of environmental accidents investigations.
The water quality in Romania is monitored according to the structure and methodological principles of the Integrated Water Monitoring System in Romania (I.W.M.S),
restructured according to the requirements of the European Directives.
The national water monitoring system comprises two types of monitoring
activities, as required by Law 310/2004 amending and supplementing the Water
Law 107/1996, which included the provisions of the Water Framework Directive
60/2000/EEC and other EU Directives. In this way, a monitoring activity is carried
out to evaluate the status of all water bodies within the river basins, and an operational monitoring activity involves bodies of water at risk of failing to meet water
protection objectives [10, 32].
Depending on the qualitative characteristics of the water bodies, various types
of monitoring programs were developed in accordance with the requirements of the
Water Framework Directive [33].
The following must be mentioned: Surveillance Program (S), the Operational
Program (O), the Investigation Program (I) The Reference (R) and Best Available
Section Program (BASP), Drinking Water Program (DW), Intercalibration Program
(IC), Monitoring Program for Vulnerable Areas for Nitrate Pollution, Ihtiofauna
Monitoring Program (IH) for Habitats and Species Protection (HS), the International
Conventions Program (CI) and the Highly Modified Waters (HMW) Program.
I.W.M.S contains 6 components (subsystems):
• Flowing surface waters;
• Lakes (natural and of accumulation);
• Transitional waters (river and lake);
• Coastal waters;
• Underground waters;
• Wastewater.
From the point of view of the areas where the monitoring activities are applied,
the most important are chemical monitoring, biological monitoring, ecotoxicological
monitoring.
In the case of emission monitoring, it is assumed that the limits of the pollutant
compounds in the waters discharged into emissaries do not depend on the change in
river quality level and that the basic element is to prevent pollution of the emissary.
The requirements for reducing the amount of polluting substances in discharged
waters into emissaries depend on the toxicity of these substances and their persistence
and tendency to accumulate and bio accumulate in the aquatic environment [16].
Emission monitoring should provide an overview of the whole basin with all
tributaries that introduce water with varying degrees of pollution. It should also
track impacts on the aquatic environment, and the purpose for which water is used,
but also study the cumulative effect of pollutants and decomposition products and
highlight sources of diffuse pollution.
If it is desired to design a monitoring system for a particular river basin or tributary,
it must necessarily take at least two stages: