4
A . M . N e g m e t a l .
Fig. 1.1 The main feature of Romania country (https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/)
The anthropic factor has contributed with some modifications of these peculiarities
through the multiple hydro-technical constructions (accumulation lakes, derivations,
catchments) made on the course of natural rivers or lakes. Romania’s water resources
are relatively poor and unevenly distributed over time and space. Global assessments
estimate a volume of 134.6 billion m
3 of water (consisting of surface waters—rivers,
lakes, the Danube River—and underground waters).
Only 30% of this volume of water (about 40 billion m
3 ) can be considered the
usable resource, according to the degree of river basin planning. If we relate to
the number of inhabitants, the specific water resources are 1894 m
3 /year/place.
From this point of view, Romania is considered one of the countries with the lowest
water resources in Europe, ranking the 21st among the European states. The water
requirements for the population, and economic activities supply (industry, agriculture, fish farming, tourism) have increased from 14.4 billion m
3 /year in 1975 to
35 billion m
3 /year in 1990 and to 46 billion m
3 /year within the period 2010–2015
[4].
At the same time, Romania depends to a great extent on the water resources
coming from different upstream countries (representing the contribution of the rivers
that form on the territory of other countries and then enters the territory of Romania.
This includes the Danube case and the watercourses in the upper basin of the Siret
rivers and Prut in the north-eastern and eastern border). Note that there is a slight
compensation between the surface and underground water resources. Thus, if in the
mountainous area predominates the surface resource, in the plains, the underground
A . M . N e g m e t a l .
Fig. 1.1 The main feature of Romania country (https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/)
The anthropic factor has contributed with some modifications of these peculiarities
through the multiple hydro-technical constructions (accumulation lakes, derivations,
catchments) made on the course of natural rivers or lakes. Romania’s water resources
are relatively poor and unevenly distributed over time and space. Global assessments
estimate a volume of 134.6 billion m
3 of water (consisting of surface waters—rivers,
lakes, the Danube River—and underground waters).
Only 30% of this volume of water (about 40 billion m
3 ) can be considered the
usable resource, according to the degree of river basin planning. If we relate to
the number of inhabitants, the specific water resources are 1894 m
3 /year/place.
From this point of view, Romania is considered one of the countries with the lowest
water resources in Europe, ranking the 21st among the European states. The water
requirements for the population, and economic activities supply (industry, agriculture, fish farming, tourism) have increased from 14.4 billion m
3 /year in 1975 to
35 billion m
3 /year in 1990 and to 46 billion m
3 /year within the period 2010–2015
[4].
At the same time, Romania depends to a great extent on the water resources
coming from different upstream countries (representing the contribution of the rivers
that form on the territory of other countries and then enters the territory of Romania.
This includes the Danube case and the watercourses in the upper basin of the Siret
rivers and Prut in the north-eastern and eastern border). Note that there is a slight
compensation between the surface and underground water resources. Thus, if in the
mountainous area predominates the surface resource, in the plains, the underground