33
(a) Roles and functions of the different actors that participate in the SDG agenda
at different levels (governments, organizations, private sector, and nongovernmental organizations), as well as the diverse sources of financing, public
and private, national and international, to achieve sustainable development
results.
(b) The policy of interconnections between the economic, social sectors, and environmental areas, including identification of synergies, contradictions, and
exchanges, as well as the interactions between national and international policies (OECD 2019).
(c) Other local and contextual factors that help to understand the enablers (who can
contribute) and the deactivators (who hinder) of sustainable development at its
different levels.
To analyze the interconnections of SD and its relationship with the SDGs, we
recall that the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs represent an extensive and complex
“global development strategy.” SDGs are deeply intertwined with each other, and in
order to carry out such an ambitious agenda, different “multilevel” and multisectoral efforts are needed for a comprehensive application of the 17 SDGs. It also
requires guidance on strategic public policies and the identification of practical
tools at the level of governments and at the local level.
The new architecture of development, based on the SDGs, can have profound
implications for governments. The compliance of the 2030 Agenda at the local level
will also require avoiding the fragmentation of purposes and development objectives. So far, the main problem we face is that we are just beginning to understand
how to interrelate the objectives within the SDG agenda. The mapping of interconnections between objectives and goals and the analysis of social networks is a strategy to investigate social structures with theories about networks among others
(Collste et al. 2017). The Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) at the
UN uses this kind of analysis to map the interconnectedness between the 17 SDGs
and their 169 targets as it provides valuable information on the integration and
coherence of policies when applied in the national context.
However, there are no comprehensive studies on the same interrelationships.
Some materials produced by the International Council for Science (ICSU) are an
example of interactions within SDGs, but it is a work in progress and is not yet
available. The quantification of SDG interconnections is limited in the existing literature, although there are works on how to categorize the different types of interrelationships. Most of the existing works are limited to the study of the general
structure of the SDGs, on how they are interwoven through the identification of
interconnections in general, but the identification and quantification of these interconnections at the national level are still nil (OECD 2019).
The work of the OECD and the issue of coherence (and cohesion) of the SDGs in
terms of public policies is an important step forward in understanding the relationship of the SDGs and their interrelation. Based on the work of the Institute for Global
Environmental Strategies (IGES, for its acronym in English), a project entitled
“Sustainable Development Goals, Targets and Indicators” was launched to present
2 Sustainable Development Goals and Drylands: Addressing the Interconnection
(a) Roles and functions of the different actors that participate in the SDG agenda
at different levels (governments, organizations, private sector, and nongovernmental organizations), as well as the diverse sources of financing, public
and private, national and international, to achieve sustainable development
results.
(b) The policy of interconnections between the economic, social sectors, and environmental areas, including identification of synergies, contradictions, and
exchanges, as well as the interactions between national and international policies (OECD 2019).
(c) Other local and contextual factors that help to understand the enablers (who can
contribute) and the deactivators (who hinder) of sustainable development at its
different levels.
To analyze the interconnections of SD and its relationship with the SDGs, we
recall that the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs represent an extensive and complex
“global development strategy.” SDGs are deeply intertwined with each other, and in
order to carry out such an ambitious agenda, different “multilevel” and multisectoral efforts are needed for a comprehensive application of the 17 SDGs. It also
requires guidance on strategic public policies and the identification of practical
tools at the level of governments and at the local level.
The new architecture of development, based on the SDGs, can have profound
implications for governments. The compliance of the 2030 Agenda at the local level
will also require avoiding the fragmentation of purposes and development objectives. So far, the main problem we face is that we are just beginning to understand
how to interrelate the objectives within the SDG agenda. The mapping of interconnections between objectives and goals and the analysis of social networks is a strategy to investigate social structures with theories about networks among others
(Collste et al. 2017). The Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) at the
UN uses this kind of analysis to map the interconnectedness between the 17 SDGs
and their 169 targets as it provides valuable information on the integration and
coherence of policies when applied in the national context.
However, there are no comprehensive studies on the same interrelationships.
Some materials produced by the International Council for Science (ICSU) are an
example of interactions within SDGs, but it is a work in progress and is not yet
available. The quantification of SDG interconnections is limited in the existing literature, although there are works on how to categorize the different types of interrelationships. Most of the existing works are limited to the study of the general
structure of the SDGs, on how they are interwoven through the identification of
interconnections in general, but the identification and quantification of these interconnections at the national level are still nil (OECD 2019).
The work of the OECD and the issue of coherence (and cohesion) of the SDGs in
terms of public policies is an important step forward in understanding the relationship of the SDGs and their interrelation. Based on the work of the Institute for Global
Environmental Strategies (IGES, for its acronym in English), a project entitled
“Sustainable Development Goals, Targets and Indicators” was launched to present
2 Sustainable Development Goals and Drylands: Addressing the Interconnection