physical science basis, contribution of Working Group I to the fourth assessment report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge/New York, pp 129–234
Fu X, Wang S, Zhao B et al (2013) Emission inventory of primary pollutants and chemical
speciation in 2010 for the Yangtze River Delta region, China. Atmos Environ 70:39–50
Fu X, Wang S, Ran L et al (2015) Estimating NH 3 emissions from agricultural fertilizer application
in China using the bi-directional CMAQ model coupled to an agro-ecosystem model. Atmos
Chem Phys 15:6637–6649
Gu D, Wang Y, Smeltzer C et al (2013) Reduction in NO x emission trends over China: regional and
seasonal variations. Environ Sci Technol 47:12912–12919
He K, Yang F, Ma Y et al (2001) The characteristics of PM 2.5 in Beijing, China. Atmos Environ
35:4959–4970
Hoesly R, Smith S, Feng L et al (2018) Historical (1750–2014) anthropogenic emissions of reactive
gases and aerosols from the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS). Geosci Model Dev
11:369–408
Huang X, Song Y, Li M et al (2012) A high-resolution ammonia emission inventory in China. Glob
Biogeochem Cy 26:GB1030
Ianniello A, Spataro F, Esposito G et al (2011) Chemical characteristics of inorganic ammonium
salts in PM2.5 in the atmosphere of Beijing (China). Atmos Chem Phys 11:10803–10822
Itahashi S, Uno I, Irie H et al (2014) Regional modeling of tropospheric NO 2 vertical column
density over East Asia during the period 2000–2010: comparison with multisatellite observations. Atmos Chem Phys 14:3623–3635
Kang Y, Liu M, Song Y et al (2016) High-resolution ammonia emissions inventories in China from
1980 to 2012. Atmos Chem Phys 16:2043–2058
Kato N, Akimoto H (1992) Anthropogenic emissions of SO 2 and NO x in Asia: emission inventories.
Atmos Environ 26:2997–3017
Kirkby J, Curtius J, Almeida J et al (2011) Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic
rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation. Nature 476:429–U477
Klimont Z, Cofala J, Schöpp W et al (2001) Projections of SO 2 , NO x , NH 3 and VOC emissions in
East Asia up to 2030. Water Air Soil Pollut 130:193–198
Klimont Z, Cofala J, Xing J et al (2009) Projections of SO 2 , NO x and carbonaceous aerosols
emissions in Asia. Tellus B 61:602–617
Klimont Z, Smith S, Cofala J (2013) The last decade of global anthropogenic sulfur dioxide:
2000–2011 emissions. Environ Res Lett 8:014003
Koukouli M, Theys N, Ding J et al (2018) Updated SO 2 emission estimates over China using
OMI/Aura observations. Atmos Meas Tech 11:1817–1832
Krotkov N, Carn S, Krueger A et al (2006) Band residual difference algorithm for retrieval of SO 2
from the aura ozone monitoring instrument (OMI). IEEE T Geosci Remote 44:1259–1266
Krotkov A, McLinden C, Li C et al (2016) Aura OMI observations of regional SO 2 and NO 2
pollution changes from 2005 to 2015. Atmos Chem Phys 16:4605–4629
Kulmala M (2003) How particles nucleate and grow. Science 302:1000
Kurokawa J, Ohara T, Morikawa T et al (2013) Emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases
over Asian regions during 2000–2008: regional emission inventory in Asia (REAS) version
2. Atmos Chem Phys 13:11019–11058
Lamsal L, Martin R, van Donkelaar A et al (2010) Indirect validation of tropospheric nitrogen
dioxide retrieved from the OMI satellite instrument: insight into the seasonal variation of
nitrogen oxides at northern midlatitudes. J Geophys Res Atmos 115:D05302
Lamsal L, Martin R, Padmanabhan A et al (2011) Application of satellite observations for timely
updates to global anthropogenic NO x emission inventories. Geophys Res Lett 38:L05810
Lei Y, Zhang Q, He K et al (2011a) Primary anthropogenic aerosol emission trends for China,
1990–2005. Atmos Chem Phys 11:931–954
Lei Y, Zhang Q, Nielsen C et al (2011b) An inventory of primary air pollutants and CO2 emissions
from cement production in China, 1990–2020. Atmos Environ 45:147–154
2 Anthropogenic Emissions of SO 2 , NO x , and NH 3 in China
37
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge/New York, pp 129–234
Fu X, Wang S, Zhao B et al (2013) Emission inventory of primary pollutants and chemical
speciation in 2010 for the Yangtze River Delta region, China. Atmos Environ 70:39–50
Fu X, Wang S, Ran L et al (2015) Estimating NH 3 emissions from agricultural fertilizer application
in China using the bi-directional CMAQ model coupled to an agro-ecosystem model. Atmos
Chem Phys 15:6637–6649
Gu D, Wang Y, Smeltzer C et al (2013) Reduction in NO x emission trends over China: regional and
seasonal variations. Environ Sci Technol 47:12912–12919
He K, Yang F, Ma Y et al (2001) The characteristics of PM 2.5 in Beijing, China. Atmos Environ
35:4959–4970
Hoesly R, Smith S, Feng L et al (2018) Historical (1750–2014) anthropogenic emissions of reactive
gases and aerosols from the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS). Geosci Model Dev
11:369–408
Huang X, Song Y, Li M et al (2012) A high-resolution ammonia emission inventory in China. Glob
Biogeochem Cy 26:GB1030
Ianniello A, Spataro F, Esposito G et al (2011) Chemical characteristics of inorganic ammonium
salts in PM2.5 in the atmosphere of Beijing (China). Atmos Chem Phys 11:10803–10822
Itahashi S, Uno I, Irie H et al (2014) Regional modeling of tropospheric NO 2 vertical column
density over East Asia during the period 2000–2010: comparison with multisatellite observations. Atmos Chem Phys 14:3623–3635
Kang Y, Liu M, Song Y et al (2016) High-resolution ammonia emissions inventories in China from
1980 to 2012. Atmos Chem Phys 16:2043–2058
Kato N, Akimoto H (1992) Anthropogenic emissions of SO 2 and NO x in Asia: emission inventories.
Atmos Environ 26:2997–3017
Kirkby J, Curtius J, Almeida J et al (2011) Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic
rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation. Nature 476:429–U477
Klimont Z, Cofala J, Schöpp W et al (2001) Projections of SO 2 , NO x , NH 3 and VOC emissions in
East Asia up to 2030. Water Air Soil Pollut 130:193–198
Klimont Z, Cofala J, Xing J et al (2009) Projections of SO 2 , NO x and carbonaceous aerosols
emissions in Asia. Tellus B 61:602–617
Klimont Z, Smith S, Cofala J (2013) The last decade of global anthropogenic sulfur dioxide:
2000–2011 emissions. Environ Res Lett 8:014003
Koukouli M, Theys N, Ding J et al (2018) Updated SO 2 emission estimates over China using
OMI/Aura observations. Atmos Meas Tech 11:1817–1832
Krotkov N, Carn S, Krueger A et al (2006) Band residual difference algorithm for retrieval of SO 2
from the aura ozone monitoring instrument (OMI). IEEE T Geosci Remote 44:1259–1266
Krotkov A, McLinden C, Li C et al (2016) Aura OMI observations of regional SO 2 and NO 2
pollution changes from 2005 to 2015. Atmos Chem Phys 16:4605–4629
Kulmala M (2003) How particles nucleate and grow. Science 302:1000
Kurokawa J, Ohara T, Morikawa T et al (2013) Emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases
over Asian regions during 2000–2008: regional emission inventory in Asia (REAS) version
2. Atmos Chem Phys 13:11019–11058
Lamsal L, Martin R, van Donkelaar A et al (2010) Indirect validation of tropospheric nitrogen
dioxide retrieved from the OMI satellite instrument: insight into the seasonal variation of
nitrogen oxides at northern midlatitudes. J Geophys Res Atmos 115:D05302
Lamsal L, Martin R, Padmanabhan A et al (2011) Application of satellite observations for timely
updates to global anthropogenic NO x emission inventories. Geophys Res Lett 38:L05810
Lei Y, Zhang Q, He K et al (2011a) Primary anthropogenic aerosol emission trends for China,
1990–2005. Atmos Chem Phys 11:931–954
Lei Y, Zhang Q, Nielsen C et al (2011b) An inventory of primary air pollutants and CO2 emissions
from cement production in China, 1990–2020. Atmos Environ 45:147–154
2 Anthropogenic Emissions of SO 2 , NO x , and NH 3 in China
37