Elser JJ, Bracken ME, Cleland EE et al (2007) Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus
limitation of primary producers in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Ecol Lett
10:1135–1142
Fowler D, Coyle M, Skiba U et al (2013) The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century. Phil
Trans R Soc B 368:20130164
Galloway JN (2001) Acidification of the world: natural and anthropogenic. Water Air Soil Pollut
130:17–24
Galloway JN, Aber JD, Erisman JW et al (2003) The nitrogen cascade. Bioscience 53:341–356
Galloway JN, Dentener FJ, Capone DG et al (2004) Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future.
Biogeochemistry 70:153–226
Galloway JN, Townsend AR, Erisman JW et al (2008) Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: recent
trends, questions, and potential solutions. Science 320:889–892
Gruber N, Galloway JN (2008) An earth-system perspective of the global nitrogen cycle. Nature
451:293–296
Gu B, Ge Y, Ren Y et al (2012) Atmospheric reactive nitrogen in China: sources, recent trends, and
damage costs. Environ Sci Technol 46:9420–9427
Gu B, Ju X, Chang J et al (2015) Integrated reactive nitrogen budgets and future trends in China.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:8792–8797
Kampa M, Castanas E (2008) Human health effects of air pollution. Environ Pollut 151:362–367
Li Y, Schichtel BA, Walker JT et al (2016) Increasing importance of deposition of reduced nitrogen
in the United States. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:5874–5879
Liu X, Duan L, Mo J et al (2011) Nitrogen deposition and its ecological impact in China: an
overview. Environ Pollut 159:2251–2264
Liu X, Zhang Y, Han W et al (2013) Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China. Nature
494:459–462
Liu F, Zhang Q, Zheng B et al (2016a) Recent reduction in NO x emissions over China: synthesis of
satellite observations and emission inventories. Environ Res Lett 11:114002
Liu X, Xu W, Du E et al (2016b) Reduced nitrogen dominated nitrogen deposition in the US, but its
contribution to nitrogen deposition in China decreased. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:E3590–
E3591
Liu X, Vitousek P, Chang Y et al (2016c) Evidence for a historic change occurring in China.
Environ Sci Technol 50:505–506
Liu X, Xu W, Duan L et al (2017) Atmospheric nitrogen emission, deposition, and air quality
impacts in China: an overview. Curr Pollut Rep 3:65–77
Ramanathan V, Feng Y (2009) Air pollution, greenhouse gases and climate change: global and
regional perspectives. Atmos Environ 43:37–50
Sala OE, Chapin FS, Armesto JJ et al (2000) Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100.
Science 287:1770–1774
Schulze ED (1989) Air pollution and forest decline in a spruce (Picea abies) forest. Science
244:776–783
Song L, Bao XM, Liu XJ et al (2012) Impact of nitrogen addition on plant community in a semi-arid
temperate steppe in China. J Arid Land 4:3–10
Sutton MA, Howard CM, Erisman JW et al (eds) (2011) The European nitrogen assessment:
sources, effects and policy perspectives. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Tian D, Du E, Jiang L et al (2018) Responses of forest ecosystems to increasing N deposition in
China: a critical review. Environ Pollut 243:75–86
Tørseth K, Aas W, Breivik K et al (2012) Introduction to the European Monitoring and Evaluation
Programme (EMEP) and observed atmospheric composition change during 1972–2009. Atmos
Chem Phys 12:5447–5481
Vet R, Artz RS, Carou S et al (2014) A global assessment of precipitation chemistry and deposition
of sulfur, nitrogen, sea salt, base cations, organic acids, acidity and pH, and phosphorus. Atmos
Environ 93:3–100
1 An Overview of Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen in China from a Global Perspective
9
limitation of primary producers in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Ecol Lett
10:1135–1142
Fowler D, Coyle M, Skiba U et al (2013) The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century. Phil
Trans R Soc B 368:20130164
Galloway JN (2001) Acidification of the world: natural and anthropogenic. Water Air Soil Pollut
130:17–24
Galloway JN, Aber JD, Erisman JW et al (2003) The nitrogen cascade. Bioscience 53:341–356
Galloway JN, Dentener FJ, Capone DG et al (2004) Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future.
Biogeochemistry 70:153–226
Galloway JN, Townsend AR, Erisman JW et al (2008) Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: recent
trends, questions, and potential solutions. Science 320:889–892
Gruber N, Galloway JN (2008) An earth-system perspective of the global nitrogen cycle. Nature
451:293–296
Gu B, Ge Y, Ren Y et al (2012) Atmospheric reactive nitrogen in China: sources, recent trends, and
damage costs. Environ Sci Technol 46:9420–9427
Gu B, Ju X, Chang J et al (2015) Integrated reactive nitrogen budgets and future trends in China.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:8792–8797
Kampa M, Castanas E (2008) Human health effects of air pollution. Environ Pollut 151:362–367
Li Y, Schichtel BA, Walker JT et al (2016) Increasing importance of deposition of reduced nitrogen
in the United States. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:5874–5879
Liu X, Duan L, Mo J et al (2011) Nitrogen deposition and its ecological impact in China: an
overview. Environ Pollut 159:2251–2264
Liu X, Zhang Y, Han W et al (2013) Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China. Nature
494:459–462
Liu F, Zhang Q, Zheng B et al (2016a) Recent reduction in NO x emissions over China: synthesis of
satellite observations and emission inventories. Environ Res Lett 11:114002
Liu X, Xu W, Du E et al (2016b) Reduced nitrogen dominated nitrogen deposition in the US, but its
contribution to nitrogen deposition in China decreased. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:E3590–
E3591
Liu X, Vitousek P, Chang Y et al (2016c) Evidence for a historic change occurring in China.
Environ Sci Technol 50:505–506
Liu X, Xu W, Duan L et al (2017) Atmospheric nitrogen emission, deposition, and air quality
impacts in China: an overview. Curr Pollut Rep 3:65–77
Ramanathan V, Feng Y (2009) Air pollution, greenhouse gases and climate change: global and
regional perspectives. Atmos Environ 43:37–50
Sala OE, Chapin FS, Armesto JJ et al (2000) Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100.
Science 287:1770–1774
Schulze ED (1989) Air pollution and forest decline in a spruce (Picea abies) forest. Science
244:776–783
Song L, Bao XM, Liu XJ et al (2012) Impact of nitrogen addition on plant community in a semi-arid
temperate steppe in China. J Arid Land 4:3–10
Sutton MA, Howard CM, Erisman JW et al (eds) (2011) The European nitrogen assessment:
sources, effects and policy perspectives. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Tian D, Du E, Jiang L et al (2018) Responses of forest ecosystems to increasing N deposition in
China: a critical review. Environ Pollut 243:75–86
Tørseth K, Aas W, Breivik K et al (2012) Introduction to the European Monitoring and Evaluation
Programme (EMEP) and observed atmospheric composition change during 1972–2009. Atmos
Chem Phys 12:5447–5481
Vet R, Artz RS, Carou S et al (2014) A global assessment of precipitation chemistry and deposition
of sulfur, nitrogen, sea salt, base cations, organic acids, acidity and pH, and phosphorus. Atmos
Environ 93:3–100
1 An Overview of Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen in China from a Global Perspective
9