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program on acidification of rivers and lakes. Water Air Soil Pollut 93:27–57
Pan G, Fallavier P, Lu Y et al (1993) Soil acidification and changes in soil characteristics on
Mt. Lushan in recent 35 years. Chin J Soil Sci 24(4):145–147. (in Chinese)
Qiao Y, Feng J, Liu X et al (2016) Surface water pH variations and trends in China from 2004 to
2014. Environ Monit Assess 188:1–13
Reuss JO, Christophersen N, Seip HM (1986) A critique of models for freshwater and soil
acidification. Water Air Soil Pollut 30:909–930
Reuss JO, Cosby BJ, Wright RF (1987) Chemical processes governing soil and water acidification.
Nature 329:27–32
Skjelkvale BL, Stoddard JL, Jeffries DS et al (2005) Regional scale evidence for improvements in
surface water chemistry 1990–2001. Environ Pollut 137:165–176
Smith RA (1872) Air and rain: the beginnings of a chemical climatology. Longmans Green and
Company, London
Stoddard JL, Jeffries DS, Lukewille A et al (1999) Regional trends in aquatic recovery from
acidification in North America and Europe. Nature 401:575–578
Strock KE, Nelson SJ, Kahl JS et al (2014) Decadal trends reveal recent acceleration in the rate of
recovery from acidification in the northeastern U.S. Environ Sci Technol 48:4681–4689
Sutherland JW, Acker FW, Bloomfield JA et al (2015) Brooktrout Lake case study: biotic recovery
from acid deposition 20 years after the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Environ Sci Technol
49:2665–2674
Tang J, Xu X, Ba J et al (2010) Trends of the precipitation acidity over China during 1992–2006.
Chin Sci Bull 55:1800–1807
Tanikawa T, Sobue A, Hirano Y (2014) Acidification processes in soils with different acid buffering
capacity in Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa forests over two decades. For Ecol
Manag 334:284–292
UBA (Umweltbundesamt) (2004) Manual on methodologies and criteria for modelling and
mapping critical loads and levels and air pollution effects, risk and trends. Umweltbundesamt,
Berlin
Van Breemen N, Driscoll CT, Mulder J (1984) Acidic deposition and internal proton sources in
acidification of soils and waters. Nature 307:599–604
Van der Perre R, Jonard M, André F et al (2012) Liming effect on radial growth depends on time
since application and on climate in Norway spruce stands. For Ecol Manag 281:59–67
Van Nevel L, Mertens J, De Schrijver A et al (2013) Forest floor leachate fluxes under six different
tree species on a metal contaminated site. Sci Total Environ 447:99–107
Vestin JK, Norström SH, Bylund D et al (2008) Soil solution and stream water chemistry in a
forested catchment I: dynamics. Geoderma 144:256–270
Vet R, Artz RS, Carou S et al (2014) A global assessment of precipitation chemistry and deposition
of sulfur, nitrogen, sea salt, base cations, organic acids, acidity and pH, and phosphorus. Atmos
Environ 93:3–100
Vogt RD, Guo JH, Luo JH et al (2007) Water chemistry in forested acid sensitive sites in
sub-tropical Asia receiving acid rain and alkaline dust. Appl Geochem 22:1140–1148
Wang W, Wang T (1996) On acid rain formation in China. Atmos Environ 30:4091–4093
Wang Y, Solberg S, Yu P et al (2007) Assessments of tree crown condition of two Masson pine
forests in the acid rain region in south China. For Ecol Manag 242:530–540
Wang Y, Yu W, Pan Y et al (2012a) Acid neutralization of precipitation in northern China. J Air
Waste Manage Assoc 62:204–211
Wang Q, Xu RK, Li XH (2012b) Proton release from tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) roots as
affected by five cations in solution culture. Plant Soil Environ 58(9):429–434
Wang SX, Zhao B, Cai SY et al (2014) Emission trends and mitigation options for air pollutants in
East Asia. Atmos Chem Phys 14:6571–6603
180
Q. Yu and L. Duan
lime application. For Ecol Manag 281:130–139
Newell AD, Skjelkvale BL (1997) Acidification trends in surface waters in the international
program on acidification of rivers and lakes. Water Air Soil Pollut 93:27–57
Pan G, Fallavier P, Lu Y et al (1993) Soil acidification and changes in soil characteristics on
Mt. Lushan in recent 35 years. Chin J Soil Sci 24(4):145–147. (in Chinese)
Qiao Y, Feng J, Liu X et al (2016) Surface water pH variations and trends in China from 2004 to
2014. Environ Monit Assess 188:1–13
Reuss JO, Christophersen N, Seip HM (1986) A critique of models for freshwater and soil
acidification. Water Air Soil Pollut 30:909–930
Reuss JO, Cosby BJ, Wright RF (1987) Chemical processes governing soil and water acidification.
Nature 329:27–32
Skjelkvale BL, Stoddard JL, Jeffries DS et al (2005) Regional scale evidence for improvements in
surface water chemistry 1990–2001. Environ Pollut 137:165–176
Smith RA (1872) Air and rain: the beginnings of a chemical climatology. Longmans Green and
Company, London
Stoddard JL, Jeffries DS, Lukewille A et al (1999) Regional trends in aquatic recovery from
acidification in North America and Europe. Nature 401:575–578
Strock KE, Nelson SJ, Kahl JS et al (2014) Decadal trends reveal recent acceleration in the rate of
recovery from acidification in the northeastern U.S. Environ Sci Technol 48:4681–4689
Sutherland JW, Acker FW, Bloomfield JA et al (2015) Brooktrout Lake case study: biotic recovery
from acid deposition 20 years after the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Environ Sci Technol
49:2665–2674
Tang J, Xu X, Ba J et al (2010) Trends of the precipitation acidity over China during 1992–2006.
Chin Sci Bull 55:1800–1807
Tanikawa T, Sobue A, Hirano Y (2014) Acidification processes in soils with different acid buffering
capacity in Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa forests over two decades. For Ecol
Manag 334:284–292
UBA (Umweltbundesamt) (2004) Manual on methodologies and criteria for modelling and
mapping critical loads and levels and air pollution effects, risk and trends. Umweltbundesamt,
Berlin
Van Breemen N, Driscoll CT, Mulder J (1984) Acidic deposition and internal proton sources in
acidification of soils and waters. Nature 307:599–604
Van der Perre R, Jonard M, André F et al (2012) Liming effect on radial growth depends on time
since application and on climate in Norway spruce stands. For Ecol Manag 281:59–67
Van Nevel L, Mertens J, De Schrijver A et al (2013) Forest floor leachate fluxes under six different
tree species on a metal contaminated site. Sci Total Environ 447:99–107
Vestin JK, Norström SH, Bylund D et al (2008) Soil solution and stream water chemistry in a
forested catchment I: dynamics. Geoderma 144:256–270
Vet R, Artz RS, Carou S et al (2014) A global assessment of precipitation chemistry and deposition
of sulfur, nitrogen, sea salt, base cations, organic acids, acidity and pH, and phosphorus. Atmos
Environ 93:3–100
Vogt RD, Guo JH, Luo JH et al (2007) Water chemistry in forested acid sensitive sites in
sub-tropical Asia receiving acid rain and alkaline dust. Appl Geochem 22:1140–1148
Wang W, Wang T (1996) On acid rain formation in China. Atmos Environ 30:4091–4093
Wang Y, Solberg S, Yu P et al (2007) Assessments of tree crown condition of two Masson pine
forests in the acid rain region in south China. For Ecol Manag 242:530–540
Wang Y, Yu W, Pan Y et al (2012a) Acid neutralization of precipitation in northern China. J Air
Waste Manage Assoc 62:204–211
Wang Q, Xu RK, Li XH (2012b) Proton release from tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) roots as
affected by five cations in solution culture. Plant Soil Environ 58(9):429–434
Wang SX, Zhao B, Cai SY et al (2014) Emission trends and mitigation options for air pollutants in
East Asia. Atmos Chem Phys 14:6571–6603
180
Q. Yu and L. Duan
