strategy, since it has several advantages, including high transfer efficiency, improvement of the kinetics of the delivery process, and regulation of accurate localization of
nucleic acid by magnetic field. Especially, for the cell types that are hard to be
transferred using the traditional transfection methods, such as microglia, primary
cells, and stem cells, magnetofection is a good choice [38]. Standard magnetofection
reagents are various magnetic supramolecular assemblies composed of ligand-modified MNPs, carried nucleic acids, and enhancers (polyplex or nonviral lipoplex) or
viral vectors [39, 40]. The increased transfection was supposed to be associated with
enhanced sedimentation on the cell surface and improved cell incorporation and
response to changed magnetic field (e.g., AMF) [34].
20.5 Conclusion
Overall, magnetic supramolecular assemblies, whose formation depends on the
driving force by magnetic field in combination with supramolecular interactions,
are becoming the hot topic of supramolecular chemistry, bionics, material science,
and biomedicine. A series of these assemblies, including various zero-dimensional
clusters, one-dimensional fibers, and two-dimensional sheets/films, have been developed with wonderful morphology and multi-stimuli responsiveness and multifunction. Especially, in the biomedicine field, magnetic supramolecular assemblies
could be widely applied in controlled drug release, magnetic hyperthermia, inhibition of metastasis, MRI, magnetofection, etc. Further researches will focus on
development of novel magnetic supramolecular assemblies and new magnetic building blocks, together with improvement of their biomedical properties and discovery
of the novel biological application. It is very exciting that biomimetically magnetic
supramolecular assembling is becoming a magnificent bridge that promotes the
interaction between chemistry and biology.
References
1. Feng Z, Zhang T, Wang H, Xu B (2017) Supramolecular catalysis and dynamic assemblies for
medicine. Chem Soc Rev 46(21):6470–6479
2. Hu P, Chen Y, Li JJ, Liu Y (2016) Construction, enzyme response, and substrate capacity of a
hyaluronan–cyclodextrin supramolecular assembly. Chem Asian J 11(4):505–511
3. Perez JM, Simeone FJ, Saeki Y, Josephson L, Weissleder R (2003) Viral-induced self-assembly
of magnetic nanoparticles allows the detection of viral particles in biological media. J Am Chem
Soc 125(34):10192–10193
4. Xu F, Wu CAM, Rengarajan V, Finley TD, Keles HO, Sung Y et al (2011) Three-dimensional
magnetic assembly of microscale hydrogels. Adv Mater 23(37):4254–4260
5. Peng F, Tu Y, Men Y, van Hest JC, Wilson DA (2017) Supramolecular adaptive nanomotors
with magnetotaxis behavior. Adv Mater 29(6):1604996
6. Bull SR, Guler MO, Bras RE, Venkatasubramanian PN, Stupp SI, Meade TJ (2005) Magnetic
resonance imaging of self-assembled biomaterial scaffolds. Bioconjug Chem 16(6):1343–1348
7. Ruiz-Hernandez E, Baeza A, Vallet-Regi M (2011) Smart drug delivery through DNA/magnetic
nanoparticle gates. ACS Nano 5(2):1259–1266
20 Construction and Biomedical Application of Magnetic Supramolecular. . .
569
nucleic acid by magnetic field. Especially, for the cell types that are hard to be
transferred using the traditional transfection methods, such as microglia, primary
cells, and stem cells, magnetofection is a good choice [38]. Standard magnetofection
reagents are various magnetic supramolecular assemblies composed of ligand-modified MNPs, carried nucleic acids, and enhancers (polyplex or nonviral lipoplex) or
viral vectors [39, 40]. The increased transfection was supposed to be associated with
enhanced sedimentation on the cell surface and improved cell incorporation and
response to changed magnetic field (e.g., AMF) [34].
20.5 Conclusion
Overall, magnetic supramolecular assemblies, whose formation depends on the
driving force by magnetic field in combination with supramolecular interactions,
are becoming the hot topic of supramolecular chemistry, bionics, material science,
and biomedicine. A series of these assemblies, including various zero-dimensional
clusters, one-dimensional fibers, and two-dimensional sheets/films, have been developed with wonderful morphology and multi-stimuli responsiveness and multifunction. Especially, in the biomedicine field, magnetic supramolecular assemblies
could be widely applied in controlled drug release, magnetic hyperthermia, inhibition of metastasis, MRI, magnetofection, etc. Further researches will focus on
development of novel magnetic supramolecular assemblies and new magnetic building blocks, together with improvement of their biomedical properties and discovery
of the novel biological application. It is very exciting that biomimetically magnetic
supramolecular assembling is becoming a magnificent bridge that promotes the
interaction between chemistry and biology.
References
1. Feng Z, Zhang T, Wang H, Xu B (2017) Supramolecular catalysis and dynamic assemblies for
medicine. Chem Soc Rev 46(21):6470–6479
2. Hu P, Chen Y, Li JJ, Liu Y (2016) Construction, enzyme response, and substrate capacity of a
hyaluronan–cyclodextrin supramolecular assembly. Chem Asian J 11(4):505–511
3. Perez JM, Simeone FJ, Saeki Y, Josephson L, Weissleder R (2003) Viral-induced self-assembly
of magnetic nanoparticles allows the detection of viral particles in biological media. J Am Chem
Soc 125(34):10192–10193
4. Xu F, Wu CAM, Rengarajan V, Finley TD, Keles HO, Sung Y et al (2011) Three-dimensional
magnetic assembly of microscale hydrogels. Adv Mater 23(37):4254–4260
5. Peng F, Tu Y, Men Y, van Hest JC, Wilson DA (2017) Supramolecular adaptive nanomotors
with magnetotaxis behavior. Adv Mater 29(6):1604996
6. Bull SR, Guler MO, Bras RE, Venkatasubramanian PN, Stupp SI, Meade TJ (2005) Magnetic
resonance imaging of self-assembled biomaterial scaffolds. Bioconjug Chem 16(6):1343–1348
7. Ruiz-Hernandez E, Baeza A, Vallet-Regi M (2011) Smart drug delivery through DNA/magnetic
nanoparticle gates. ACS Nano 5(2):1259–1266
20 Construction and Biomedical Application of Magnetic Supramolecular. . .
569