lower cytotoxicity than free CPT. The β-CD/ADA inclusion complex prevented the
GO skeletons from intermolecular aggregation, and the resultant uniform and smallsized GO nanosheets promoted the targeted receptor-mediated internalization of the
biocompatible supramolecular complex by cells. Another multifunctional-targeted
drug delivery platform formed from CDHA-MGO (Fe 3 O 4 -reduced graphene oxide
covalently modified with β-cyclodextrin-hyaluronic acid polymers) was contributed
by Shuang and co-workers [41]. The obtained CDHA-MGO nanocomposite has good
water dispersibility, easy magnetic separation, high near-infrared (NIR) photothermal
heating, and excellent biocompatibility. The β-cyclodextrin-hyaluronic acid polymers
efficaciously enhance the doxorubicin (DOX) loading amount up to 485.43 mg/g.
Meanwhile, the Fe 3 O 4 -graphene oxide provides a facile photothermal response mechanism to handle the NIR-triggered release of DOX in weak acidic solvent environments. All the mentioned results clearly demonstrate the applicable potential of the
developed nanoplatforms and lay the basis to further exploit these nanoconstructs as
novel systems dedicated to targeted anticancer therapies in humans.
15.3 Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles
In the last decades, many types of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can be synthesized, including iron oxides and iron sulfide (Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , and Fe 3 S 4 ), as well as
cobalt, manganese, nickel, and magnesium ferrites. Among them, Fe 3 O 4 , which is a
ferromagnetic black color iron oxide of both Fe(II) and Fe(III), has been the most
extensively studied. Many applications of magnetic nanoparticles rely on the use of
magnetic fields to manipulate their properties, which depends on the effectiveness of
the particle magnetic moment and the field gradient. However, most of these
nanomaterials easily oxidize in the air atmosphere and show low stability in acidic
media, which may lead to changes in their magnetic properties. Therefore, the
synthesized MNPs are typically coated to improve their stability and dispersibility
in water and to provide chemical functionality for the addition of bioactive molecules. Using proper coating can also minimize precipitation and the formation of
agglomerates and prolong the circulation time in further applications.
Cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives are well-known to form complexes
with a large variety of organic molecules in aqueous solution by host-guest interaction, and thereby increasing both the water solubility and the stability of such
molecules. The attachment to MNPs of CDs, able to form inclusion complexations
with guest molecules, gives rise to MNPs with host-guest abilities without altering
their original properties. Furthermore, the modification of CDs and their derivatives
has dramatically enhanced the solubility, stability, and biocompatibility of the
MNPs. Among the most used CD coating methods are in situ coating, post-synthesis
adsorption, or post-synthesis grafting. Covalent anchoring was found to enhance the
stability of CD-MNPs compared with adsorption coating [47, 48]. Vast cases in
modification of CD in the surface of MNPs followed the layer-by-layer (LBL)
technique [49–55]. For example, the surface of magnetic particles was modified
with 3-aminpropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) firstly. The next step was the covalent
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W. Liang and S. Shuang
GO skeletons from intermolecular aggregation, and the resultant uniform and smallsized GO nanosheets promoted the targeted receptor-mediated internalization of the
biocompatible supramolecular complex by cells. Another multifunctional-targeted
drug delivery platform formed from CDHA-MGO (Fe 3 O 4 -reduced graphene oxide
covalently modified with β-cyclodextrin-hyaluronic acid polymers) was contributed
by Shuang and co-workers [41]. The obtained CDHA-MGO nanocomposite has good
water dispersibility, easy magnetic separation, high near-infrared (NIR) photothermal
heating, and excellent biocompatibility. The β-cyclodextrin-hyaluronic acid polymers
efficaciously enhance the doxorubicin (DOX) loading amount up to 485.43 mg/g.
Meanwhile, the Fe 3 O 4 -graphene oxide provides a facile photothermal response mechanism to handle the NIR-triggered release of DOX in weak acidic solvent environments. All the mentioned results clearly demonstrate the applicable potential of the
developed nanoplatforms and lay the basis to further exploit these nanoconstructs as
novel systems dedicated to targeted anticancer therapies in humans.
15.3 Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles
In the last decades, many types of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can be synthesized, including iron oxides and iron sulfide (Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , and Fe 3 S 4 ), as well as
cobalt, manganese, nickel, and magnesium ferrites. Among them, Fe 3 O 4 , which is a
ferromagnetic black color iron oxide of both Fe(II) and Fe(III), has been the most
extensively studied. Many applications of magnetic nanoparticles rely on the use of
magnetic fields to manipulate their properties, which depends on the effectiveness of
the particle magnetic moment and the field gradient. However, most of these
nanomaterials easily oxidize in the air atmosphere and show low stability in acidic
media, which may lead to changes in their magnetic properties. Therefore, the
synthesized MNPs are typically coated to improve their stability and dispersibility
in water and to provide chemical functionality for the addition of bioactive molecules. Using proper coating can also minimize precipitation and the formation of
agglomerates and prolong the circulation time in further applications.
Cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives are well-known to form complexes
with a large variety of organic molecules in aqueous solution by host-guest interaction, and thereby increasing both the water solubility and the stability of such
molecules. The attachment to MNPs of CDs, able to form inclusion complexations
with guest molecules, gives rise to MNPs with host-guest abilities without altering
their original properties. Furthermore, the modification of CDs and their derivatives
has dramatically enhanced the solubility, stability, and biocompatibility of the
MNPs. Among the most used CD coating methods are in situ coating, post-synthesis
adsorption, or post-synthesis grafting. Covalent anchoring was found to enhance the
stability of CD-MNPs compared with adsorption coating [47, 48]. Vast cases in
modification of CD in the surface of MNPs followed the layer-by-layer (LBL)
technique [49–55]. For example, the surface of magnetic particles was modified
with 3-aminpropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) firstly. The next step was the covalent
434
W. Liang and S. Shuang