molecules can bind to a “host” cavity reversibly. Among the various macrocyclic
molecules, native and modified cyclodextrins (CDs) have long been recognized as
the host molecules with inherent hydrophobic internal cavity and hydrophilic external surface in host-guest chemistry [1, 2]; therefore, much attention of CDs has
attracted in the construction of supramolecular hybrid inorganic nanomaterials.
Cyclodextrins (CDs), readily available α-, β-, and γ-CDs, are cyclic oligosaccharides comprising six, seven, or eight D-(+)-glucopyranosyl units linked by α-1,
4-glycosidic bonds. α-, β-, and γ-CD molecules are shaped like cones with the
primary hydroxyl groups from the narrow edge and secondary groups extending
from the wider edge, which gives CD molecules a relatively hydrophobic central
cavity and a hydrophilic outer surface. Moreover, CDs can be easily chemically
modified to selectively introduce functionality on the primary and secondary faces
[3]. Due to readily available, harmless, and capable to form sophisticated molecular
and supramolecular structures, the CDs have been attracting immense attention from
the scientific community for decades. This interest toward CDs is additionally
strongly motivated by their numerous potential applications.
Cyclodextrin hybrid inorganic nanocomposites have made the combination of
inorganic nanomaterials as solid supports and CDs used as the surface functional
groups, leading the development of hybrid materials with improved functionalities
and evolving many applications in chemical, environmental, and biological fields
[4–6]. In this chapter, we shortly present the developments carried out in the
preparation of cyclodextrin-contained carbon nanomaterials, magnetic nanomaterials, semiconductor quantum dots, and noble metal nanoparticles as well as
their applications as molecular recognition sensor, adsorbent, and drug nanocarriers
(Fig. 1).
15.2 Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), with graphite being the parent structure, are found in
different dimensionality including zero-dimensional fullerenes, one-dimensional
carbon nanotubes (CNTs), two-dimensional graphene-family materials (GFMs)
(i.e., graphene sheet, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and
graphene quantum dots (GQDs)), and three-dimensional graphene materials. Due to
their unique electronic, optical, thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties,
CNMs have attracted particular attention in many research fields. The properties of
CNMs are strongly dependent on their atomic structures and interactions with other
materials in the nanometer-scale dimensions. Therefore, the development of the
CNMs’ chemical modification has led to the discovery of new applied materials.
A wide variety of different chemical modification of CNMs, such as graphene,
CNTs, and GQDs, were achieved via covalent and non-covalent approaches [7].
Through the optimization of chemical modifications with small molecules and
biomolecules and the coupling with other nanomaterials (i.e., luminescent and
magnetic), carbon nanomaterials have emerged as a platform for the preparation of
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W. Liang and S. Shuang
molecules, native and modified cyclodextrins (CDs) have long been recognized as
the host molecules with inherent hydrophobic internal cavity and hydrophilic external surface in host-guest chemistry [1, 2]; therefore, much attention of CDs has
attracted in the construction of supramolecular hybrid inorganic nanomaterials.
Cyclodextrins (CDs), readily available α-, β-, and γ-CDs, are cyclic oligosaccharides comprising six, seven, or eight D-(+)-glucopyranosyl units linked by α-1,
4-glycosidic bonds. α-, β-, and γ-CD molecules are shaped like cones with the
primary hydroxyl groups from the narrow edge and secondary groups extending
from the wider edge, which gives CD molecules a relatively hydrophobic central
cavity and a hydrophilic outer surface. Moreover, CDs can be easily chemically
modified to selectively introduce functionality on the primary and secondary faces
[3]. Due to readily available, harmless, and capable to form sophisticated molecular
and supramolecular structures, the CDs have been attracting immense attention from
the scientific community for decades. This interest toward CDs is additionally
strongly motivated by their numerous potential applications.
Cyclodextrin hybrid inorganic nanocomposites have made the combination of
inorganic nanomaterials as solid supports and CDs used as the surface functional
groups, leading the development of hybrid materials with improved functionalities
and evolving many applications in chemical, environmental, and biological fields
[4–6]. In this chapter, we shortly present the developments carried out in the
preparation of cyclodextrin-contained carbon nanomaterials, magnetic nanomaterials, semiconductor quantum dots, and noble metal nanoparticles as well as
their applications as molecular recognition sensor, adsorbent, and drug nanocarriers
(Fig. 1).
15.2 Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), with graphite being the parent structure, are found in
different dimensionality including zero-dimensional fullerenes, one-dimensional
carbon nanotubes (CNTs), two-dimensional graphene-family materials (GFMs)
(i.e., graphene sheet, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and
graphene quantum dots (GQDs)), and three-dimensional graphene materials. Due to
their unique electronic, optical, thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties,
CNMs have attracted particular attention in many research fields. The properties of
CNMs are strongly dependent on their atomic structures and interactions with other
materials in the nanometer-scale dimensions. Therefore, the development of the
CNMs’ chemical modification has led to the discovery of new applied materials.
A wide variety of different chemical modification of CNMs, such as graphene,
CNTs, and GQDs, were achieved via covalent and non-covalent approaches [7].
Through the optimization of chemical modifications with small molecules and
biomolecules and the coupling with other nanomaterials (i.e., luminescent and
magnetic), carbon nanomaterials have emerged as a platform for the preparation of
426
W. Liang and S. Shuang