18. (a) Schmidtendorf M, Pape T, Hahn FE (2012) Stepwise preparation of a molecular square from
NR,NR- and NH,O-substituted dicarbene building blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed 51:2195–2198;
(b) Yoshizawa M, Tamura M, Fujita M (2006) Diels-alder in aqueous molecular hosts: unusual
regioselectivity and efficient catalysis. Science 312:251–254
19. Li Z-Y, Zhang Y, Zhang C-W, Chen L-J, Wang C, Tan H, Yu Y, Li X, Yang H-B (2014) Crosslinked supramolecular polymer gels constructed from discrete multi-pillar[5]arene metallacycles and their multiple stimuli-responsive behavior. J Am Chem Soc 136:8577–8589
20. Wu X, Yu Y, Gao L, Hu X-Y, Wang L (2016) Stimuli-responsive supramolecular gel constructed
by pillar[5]arene-based pseudo[2]rotaxanes via orthogonal metal–ligand coordination and
hydrogen bonding interaction. Org Chem Front 3:966–970
21. Shangguan L, Xing H, Mondal JH, Shi B (2017) Novel rare earth fluorescent supramolecular
polymeric assemblies constructed by orthogonal pillar[5]arene-based molecular recognition, Eu
(III)-coordination and π-π donor-acceptor interactions. Chem Commun 53:889–892
22. (a) Harada A, Hashidzume A, Yamaguchi H, Takashima Y (2009) Polymeric rotaxanes. Chem
Rev 109:5974–6023; (b) Harada A, Takashima Y, Nakahata M (2014) Supramolecular polymeric materials via cyclodextrin–guest interactions. Acc Chem Res 47:2128–2140
23. Ogoshi T, Nishida Y, Yamagishi T-A, Nakamoto Y (2010) Polypseudorotaxane constructed
from pillar[5]arene and viologen polymer. Macromolecules 43:3145–3147
24. Ma Y, Chen L, Li C, Müllen K (2016) A fishing rod-like conjugated polymer bearing pillar[5]
arenes. Chem Commun 52:6662–6664
25. Cui W, Tang H, Xu L, Wang L, Meier H, Cao D (2017) Pillar[5]arene-diketopyrrolopyrrole
fluorescent copolymer: a promising recognition and adsorption material for adiponitrile by
selective formation of a conjugated polypseudorotaxane. Macromol Rapid Commun 38: 1700161
26. Sun S, Shi J-B, Dong Y-P, Lin C, Hu X-Y, Wang L-Y (2013) A pillar[5]arene-based side-chain
Pseudorotaxanes and polypseudorotaxanes as novel fluorescent sensors for the selective detection of halogen ions. Chin Chem Lett 24:987–992
27. Xia W, Ni M, Yao C, Wang X, Chen D, Lin C, Hu X-Y, Wang L (2015) Responsive gel-like
supramolecular network based on pillar[6]arene–ferrocenium recognition motifs in polymeric
matrix. Macromolecules 48:4403–4409
28. (a) Kim HN, Guo Z, Zhu W, Yoon J, Tian H (2011) Recent progress on polymer-based
fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors. Chem Soc Rev 40:79–93; (b) Zhou Y, Xu Z,
Yoon J (2011) Fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for detection of nucleotides, FAD
and NADH: highlighted research during 2004–2010. Chem Soc Rev 40:2222–2235
29. Cheng H-B, Li Z, Huang Y-D, Liu L, Wu H-C (2017) Pillararene-based aggregation-inducedemission-active supramolecular system for simultaneous detection and removal of mercury(II)
in water. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:11889–11894
30. Zhang Y-M, Li Y-F, Zhong K-P, Qu W-J, Yao H, Wei T-B, Lin Q (2018) A bis-naphthalimide
functionalized pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular π-gel acts as a multi-stimuli-responsive
material. New J Chem 42:16167–16173
31. Lin Q, Fan Y-Q, Mao P-P, Liu L, Liu J, Zhang Y-M, Yao H, Wei T-B (2018) Pillar[5]arenebased supramolecular organic framework with multi-guest detection and recyclable separation
properties. Chem-Eur J 24:777–783
32. (a) Raghavan SR, Douglas JF (2012) The conundrum of gel formation by molecular nanofibers,
wormlike micelles, and filamentous proteins: gelation without cross-links? Soft Matter
8:8539–8546; (b) Strandman S, Zhu XX (2016) Self-healing supramolecular hydrogels based
on reversible physical interactions. Gels 2:16
33. (a) Song N, Chen D-X, Qiu Y-C, Yang X-Y, Xu B, Tian W, Yang Y-W (2014) Stimuliresponsive blue fluorescent supramolecular polymers based on a pillar[5]arene
tetramer. Chem Commun 50:8231–8234; (b) Song N, Lou X-Y, Hou W, Wang C-Y, Wang Y,
Yang Y-W (2018) Pillararene-based fluorescent supramolecular systems: the key role of chain
length in gelation. Macromol Rapid Commun 39:1800593
34. Wei T, Li H, Zhu Y, Lu T, Shi B, Lin Q, Yao H, Zhang Y (2015) Copillar[5]arene-based
supramolecular polymer gel: controlling stimuli–response properties through a novel strategy
with surfactant. RSC Adv 5:60273–60278
380
X. Wu et al.
NR,NR- and NH,O-substituted dicarbene building blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed 51:2195–2198;
(b) Yoshizawa M, Tamura M, Fujita M (2006) Diels-alder in aqueous molecular hosts: unusual
regioselectivity and efficient catalysis. Science 312:251–254
19. Li Z-Y, Zhang Y, Zhang C-W, Chen L-J, Wang C, Tan H, Yu Y, Li X, Yang H-B (2014) Crosslinked supramolecular polymer gels constructed from discrete multi-pillar[5]arene metallacycles and their multiple stimuli-responsive behavior. J Am Chem Soc 136:8577–8589
20. Wu X, Yu Y, Gao L, Hu X-Y, Wang L (2016) Stimuli-responsive supramolecular gel constructed
by pillar[5]arene-based pseudo[2]rotaxanes via orthogonal metal–ligand coordination and
hydrogen bonding interaction. Org Chem Front 3:966–970
21. Shangguan L, Xing H, Mondal JH, Shi B (2017) Novel rare earth fluorescent supramolecular
polymeric assemblies constructed by orthogonal pillar[5]arene-based molecular recognition, Eu
(III)-coordination and π-π donor-acceptor interactions. Chem Commun 53:889–892
22. (a) Harada A, Hashidzume A, Yamaguchi H, Takashima Y (2009) Polymeric rotaxanes. Chem
Rev 109:5974–6023; (b) Harada A, Takashima Y, Nakahata M (2014) Supramolecular polymeric materials via cyclodextrin–guest interactions. Acc Chem Res 47:2128–2140
23. Ogoshi T, Nishida Y, Yamagishi T-A, Nakamoto Y (2010) Polypseudorotaxane constructed
from pillar[5]arene and viologen polymer. Macromolecules 43:3145–3147
24. Ma Y, Chen L, Li C, Müllen K (2016) A fishing rod-like conjugated polymer bearing pillar[5]
arenes. Chem Commun 52:6662–6664
25. Cui W, Tang H, Xu L, Wang L, Meier H, Cao D (2017) Pillar[5]arene-diketopyrrolopyrrole
fluorescent copolymer: a promising recognition and adsorption material for adiponitrile by
selective formation of a conjugated polypseudorotaxane. Macromol Rapid Commun 38: 1700161
26. Sun S, Shi J-B, Dong Y-P, Lin C, Hu X-Y, Wang L-Y (2013) A pillar[5]arene-based side-chain
Pseudorotaxanes and polypseudorotaxanes as novel fluorescent sensors for the selective detection of halogen ions. Chin Chem Lett 24:987–992
27. Xia W, Ni M, Yao C, Wang X, Chen D, Lin C, Hu X-Y, Wang L (2015) Responsive gel-like
supramolecular network based on pillar[6]arene–ferrocenium recognition motifs in polymeric
matrix. Macromolecules 48:4403–4409
28. (a) Kim HN, Guo Z, Zhu W, Yoon J, Tian H (2011) Recent progress on polymer-based
fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors. Chem Soc Rev 40:79–93; (b) Zhou Y, Xu Z,
Yoon J (2011) Fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for detection of nucleotides, FAD
and NADH: highlighted research during 2004–2010. Chem Soc Rev 40:2222–2235
29. Cheng H-B, Li Z, Huang Y-D, Liu L, Wu H-C (2017) Pillararene-based aggregation-inducedemission-active supramolecular system for simultaneous detection and removal of mercury(II)
in water. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:11889–11894
30. Zhang Y-M, Li Y-F, Zhong K-P, Qu W-J, Yao H, Wei T-B, Lin Q (2018) A bis-naphthalimide
functionalized pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular π-gel acts as a multi-stimuli-responsive
material. New J Chem 42:16167–16173
31. Lin Q, Fan Y-Q, Mao P-P, Liu L, Liu J, Zhang Y-M, Yao H, Wei T-B (2018) Pillar[5]arenebased supramolecular organic framework with multi-guest detection and recyclable separation
properties. Chem-Eur J 24:777–783
32. (a) Raghavan SR, Douglas JF (2012) The conundrum of gel formation by molecular nanofibers,
wormlike micelles, and filamentous proteins: gelation without cross-links? Soft Matter
8:8539–8546; (b) Strandman S, Zhu XX (2016) Self-healing supramolecular hydrogels based
on reversible physical interactions. Gels 2:16
33. (a) Song N, Chen D-X, Qiu Y-C, Yang X-Y, Xu B, Tian W, Yang Y-W (2014) Stimuliresponsive blue fluorescent supramolecular polymers based on a pillar[5]arene
tetramer. Chem Commun 50:8231–8234; (b) Song N, Lou X-Y, Hou W, Wang C-Y, Wang Y,
Yang Y-W (2018) Pillararene-based fluorescent supramolecular systems: the key role of chain
length in gelation. Macromol Rapid Commun 39:1800593
34. Wei T, Li H, Zhu Y, Lu T, Shi B, Lin Q, Yao H, Zhang Y (2015) Copillar[5]arene-based
supramolecular polymer gel: controlling stimuli–response properties through a novel strategy
with surfactant. RSC Adv 5:60273–60278
380
X. Wu et al.