References
1. (a) Pedersen CJ. Cyclic polyethers and their complexes with metal salts. (1967) J Am Chem Soc
89:7017; (b) Pedersen CJ. Cyclic polyethers and their complexes with metal salts. (1967) J. Am
Chem Soc 89:2495
2. (a) Lehn JM. Supramolecular chemistry. (1993) Science 260:1762–1763; (b) Lehn JM. Perspectives in supramolecular chemistry—from molecular recognition towards molecular information
processing and self-organization. (1990) Angew Chem Int Ed 29:1304–1319
3. (a) Cram DJ, Cram JM. Host-guest chemistry. (1974) Science 183:803–809; (b) Cram DJ. The
design of molecular hosts, guests, and their complexes (Nobel Lecture). (1988) Angew Chem
Int Ed 27:1009–1020
4. Dietrichbuchecker CO, Sauvage JP, Kintzinger JP. Une nouvelle famille de molecules : les
metallo-catenanes. (1983) Tetrahedron Lett 24:5095–5098
5. Hunter CA, Sanders JKM. The nature of .pi.-.pi. interactions. (1990) J Am Chem Soc
112:5525–5534
6. Monk PMS (1998) The viologens: physicochemical properties, synthesis and applications of
the salts of 4,4
0 -bipyridine. Wiley, New York
7. (a) Harada A, Li J, Kamachi M. The molecular necklace: a rotaxane containing many threaded
α-cyclodextrins. (1992) Nature 356:325–327; (b) Fujita M, Ibukuro F, Hagihara H, Ogura
K. Quantitative self-assembly of a [2]catenane from two preformed molecular rings. (1994)
Nature 367:720–723
8. (a) Hunter CA. Synthesis and structure elucidation of a new [2]-catenane. (1992) J Am Chem
Soc 114:5303–5311; (b) Kolchinski AG, Busch DH, Alcock NW. Gaining control over molecular threading: benefits of second coordination sites and aqueous–organic interfaces in rotaxane
synthesis. (1995) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1289–1291
9. (a) Hoffart DJ, Tiburcio J, de la Torre A, Knight LK, Loeb SJ. Cooperative ion–ion interactions
in the formation of interpenetrated molecules. (2008) Angew Chem Int Ed 47:97–101; (2008)
Angew Chem 120:103–107; (b) Lestini E, Nikitin K, Muller-Bunz H, Fitzmaurice D. Introducing negative charges into bis-p-phenylene crown ethers: a study of bipyridinium-based [2]
pseudorotaxanes and [2]rotaxanes. (2008) Chem Eur J 14:1095–1106
10. (a) Beer PD, Sambrook MR, Curiel D. Anion-templated assembly of interpenetrated and
interlocked structures. (2006) Chem Commun 2105–2117; (b) Vickers MS, Beer PD. Anion
templated assembly of mechanically interlocked structures. (2007) Chem Soc Rev 36:211–225;
(c) Mullen KM, Beer PD. Sulfate anion templation of macrocycles, capsules, interpenetrated
and interlocked structures. (2009) Chem Soc Rev 38:1701–1713
11. Waals VD (1873) J. D. Ph. D Dissertation. Leiden
12. (a) Cram DJ, Tanner ME, Thomas R. The taming of cyclobutadiene. (1991) Angew Chem Int
Ed 30:1024–1027; (b) Mal P, Breiner B, Rissanen K, Nitschke JR. White phosphorus is airstable within a self-assembled tetrahedral capsule. (2009) Science 324:1697–1699
13. (a) Mock WL, Irra TA, Wepsiec JP, Manimaran TL. Cycloaddition induced by cucurbituril. a
case of Pauling principle catalysis. (1983) J Org Chem 48:3619–3620; (b) Yoshizawa M,
Tamura M, Fujita M. Diels-alder in aqueous molecular hosts: unusual regioselectivity and
efficient catalysis. (2006) Science 312:251–254
14. (a) Schill G (1971) Catenanes, rotaxanes and knots. Academic, New York; (b) Amabilino DB,
Stoddart JF. Interlocked and intertwined structures and superstructures. (1995) Chem Rev
95:2725–2828; (c) Dietrich-Buchecker JPSCO (1999) Molecular catenanes, rotaxanes and
knots: a journey through the world of molecular topology. Wiley, New York
15. (a) French D. The schardinger dextrins. (1957) Adv Carbohydr Chem 12:189–280; (b) Szejtli
J. Introduction and general overview of cyclodextrin chemistry. (1998) Chem Rev
98:1743–1753; (c) Freudenberg K, Cramer F, Die Konstitution der Schardinger-Dextrine α, β,
und γ. Naturforsch Z (1948) B: Chem Sci 3:464–464
16. Sliwa W, Kozlowski C (1999) Calixarenes and resorcinarenes. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
3 Host-Guest Chemistry of a Tetracationic Cyclophane, Namely, Cyclobis. . .
77
1. (a) Pedersen CJ. Cyclic polyethers and their complexes with metal salts. (1967) J Am Chem Soc
89:7017; (b) Pedersen CJ. Cyclic polyethers and their complexes with metal salts. (1967) J. Am
Chem Soc 89:2495
2. (a) Lehn JM. Supramolecular chemistry. (1993) Science 260:1762–1763; (b) Lehn JM. Perspectives in supramolecular chemistry—from molecular recognition towards molecular information
processing and self-organization. (1990) Angew Chem Int Ed 29:1304–1319
3. (a) Cram DJ, Cram JM. Host-guest chemistry. (1974) Science 183:803–809; (b) Cram DJ. The
design of molecular hosts, guests, and their complexes (Nobel Lecture). (1988) Angew Chem
Int Ed 27:1009–1020
4. Dietrichbuchecker CO, Sauvage JP, Kintzinger JP. Une nouvelle famille de molecules : les
metallo-catenanes. (1983) Tetrahedron Lett 24:5095–5098
5. Hunter CA, Sanders JKM. The nature of .pi.-.pi. interactions. (1990) J Am Chem Soc
112:5525–5534
6. Monk PMS (1998) The viologens: physicochemical properties, synthesis and applications of
the salts of 4,4
0 -bipyridine. Wiley, New York
7. (a) Harada A, Li J, Kamachi M. The molecular necklace: a rotaxane containing many threaded
α-cyclodextrins. (1992) Nature 356:325–327; (b) Fujita M, Ibukuro F, Hagihara H, Ogura
K. Quantitative self-assembly of a [2]catenane from two preformed molecular rings. (1994)
Nature 367:720–723
8. (a) Hunter CA. Synthesis and structure elucidation of a new [2]-catenane. (1992) J Am Chem
Soc 114:5303–5311; (b) Kolchinski AG, Busch DH, Alcock NW. Gaining control over molecular threading: benefits of second coordination sites and aqueous–organic interfaces in rotaxane
synthesis. (1995) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 1289–1291
9. (a) Hoffart DJ, Tiburcio J, de la Torre A, Knight LK, Loeb SJ. Cooperative ion–ion interactions
in the formation of interpenetrated molecules. (2008) Angew Chem Int Ed 47:97–101; (2008)
Angew Chem 120:103–107; (b) Lestini E, Nikitin K, Muller-Bunz H, Fitzmaurice D. Introducing negative charges into bis-p-phenylene crown ethers: a study of bipyridinium-based [2]
pseudorotaxanes and [2]rotaxanes. (2008) Chem Eur J 14:1095–1106
10. (a) Beer PD, Sambrook MR, Curiel D. Anion-templated assembly of interpenetrated and
interlocked structures. (2006) Chem Commun 2105–2117; (b) Vickers MS, Beer PD. Anion
templated assembly of mechanically interlocked structures. (2007) Chem Soc Rev 36:211–225;
(c) Mullen KM, Beer PD. Sulfate anion templation of macrocycles, capsules, interpenetrated
and interlocked structures. (2009) Chem Soc Rev 38:1701–1713
11. Waals VD (1873) J. D. Ph. D Dissertation. Leiden
12. (a) Cram DJ, Tanner ME, Thomas R. The taming of cyclobutadiene. (1991) Angew Chem Int
Ed 30:1024–1027; (b) Mal P, Breiner B, Rissanen K, Nitschke JR. White phosphorus is airstable within a self-assembled tetrahedral capsule. (2009) Science 324:1697–1699
13. (a) Mock WL, Irra TA, Wepsiec JP, Manimaran TL. Cycloaddition induced by cucurbituril. a
case of Pauling principle catalysis. (1983) J Org Chem 48:3619–3620; (b) Yoshizawa M,
Tamura M, Fujita M. Diels-alder in aqueous molecular hosts: unusual regioselectivity and
efficient catalysis. (2006) Science 312:251–254
14. (a) Schill G (1971) Catenanes, rotaxanes and knots. Academic, New York; (b) Amabilino DB,
Stoddart JF. Interlocked and intertwined structures and superstructures. (1995) Chem Rev
95:2725–2828; (c) Dietrich-Buchecker JPSCO (1999) Molecular catenanes, rotaxanes and
knots: a journey through the world of molecular topology. Wiley, New York
15. (a) French D. The schardinger dextrins. (1957) Adv Carbohydr Chem 12:189–280; (b) Szejtli
J. Introduction and general overview of cyclodextrin chemistry. (1998) Chem Rev
98:1743–1753; (c) Freudenberg K, Cramer F, Die Konstitution der Schardinger-Dextrine α, β,
und γ. Naturforsch Z (1948) B: Chem Sci 3:464–464
16. Sliwa W, Kozlowski C (1999) Calixarenes and resorcinarenes. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
3 Host-Guest Chemistry of a Tetracationic Cyclophane, Namely, Cyclobis. . .
77