628
Climate variability (cont.)
Malawi, 160
pest occurrence, 165, 166
pesticide degradation, 166, 167
pesticide sorption, 168, 169
pesticide toxicity, 166
pesticide transport, 167, 168
spatiotemporal variation, 160
Climate variability, effects of (ECV)
agricultural production, 72
coping strategies
drought conditions, 81, 83
flood conditions, 81
crop yields, 73
extreme climatic conditions, 74
farming systems, 74
household food insecurity, 76
male and female respondents, 74
men and women, 76
crops and livestock, 73
cultivable crop area, 76, 78
livelihoods, 80
livestock production, 78, 80
men and women farmers, 73
pest and disease infestations, 73
rain-fed systems, 73
Colloidal calcium phosphate (CCP), 278
Commodity value chains, 408, 409
challenges and analytical issues, 413, 414
integration
collective action, 417, 418, 422
contract farming, 415, 416
market liberalization, 415
transformation, 415
vertical coordination, 415
milk value chain, 410–412
vegetable value chain, 412, 413
Communication channels, 522–524
Community-based goat breeding (CBGB)
programs, 292
Community-based natural resource
management (CBNRM)
initiative, 315
Community vulnerability line (CVL), 511
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture
Development Programme
(CAADP), 5, 530
Computable general equilibrium (CGE)
model, 556
Concentrate feeding, 250, 259
Conflict resolution model
adoption
resolution, 324, 325
capacity building, 323, 324
co-management, 315
community involvement, 320–322
community scorecard, 317–320
data, 314
fish stocks, 314
fisheries postharvest management, 316, 317
governing resources, 315
infrastructure development, 323
local communities, 314
management of facilities, 322, 323
natural resource-based sectors, 315
resource management, 315
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), 273
Conservation agriculture (CA), 7, 52, 508, 509
adoption, 32, 33
in Africa, 24–26
labour use and economic return, 31, 32
ox-plough system, 26, 27
practical experiences, 33, 35
rotation/associations, 23
soil erosion, 27–29, 31
soil properties, 27–29, 31
upscaling, 35, 36
yield effects, 27–29, 31
Conventional cotton farming, 176, 187, 192, 193
Copadichromis virginalis, 378
Coping mechanisms, 64, 67, 85, 88
Cotton-legume intercrop, 195
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), 474
Cox model, 232
Crop genotype, 474, 476, 479
Crop-livestock interactions, 25, 35, 37
Crop management, 168
Crop production, 148
Crossbred goats
fatty acid (see Fatty acid)
materials and methods
analysis, 252
animals and treatments, 250
dietary feeds, 252
fatty acid analysis, 251, 252
feeding management, 251
physical and chemical compositions,
252, 253
sampling LD, MM and OF, 251
Crotalaria juncea, 109
Culicoides imicola, 222
D
Dairy goat
breeding
challenges, 291, 292
crossbreeding programs, 293
Index
Climate variability (cont.)
Malawi, 160
pest occurrence, 165, 166
pesticide degradation, 166, 167
pesticide sorption, 168, 169
pesticide toxicity, 166
pesticide transport, 167, 168
spatiotemporal variation, 160
Climate variability, effects of (ECV)
agricultural production, 72
coping strategies
drought conditions, 81, 83
flood conditions, 81
crop yields, 73
extreme climatic conditions, 74
farming systems, 74
household food insecurity, 76
male and female respondents, 74
men and women, 76
crops and livestock, 73
cultivable crop area, 76, 78
livelihoods, 80
livestock production, 78, 80
men and women farmers, 73
pest and disease infestations, 73
rain-fed systems, 73
Colloidal calcium phosphate (CCP), 278
Commodity value chains, 408, 409
challenges and analytical issues, 413, 414
integration
collective action, 417, 418, 422
contract farming, 415, 416
market liberalization, 415
transformation, 415
vertical coordination, 415
milk value chain, 410–412
vegetable value chain, 412, 413
Communication channels, 522–524
Community-based goat breeding (CBGB)
programs, 292
Community-based natural resource
management (CBNRM)
initiative, 315
Community vulnerability line (CVL), 511
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture
Development Programme
(CAADP), 5, 530
Computable general equilibrium (CGE)
model, 556
Concentrate feeding, 250, 259
Conflict resolution model
adoption
resolution, 324, 325
capacity building, 323, 324
co-management, 315
community involvement, 320–322
community scorecard, 317–320
data, 314
fish stocks, 314
fisheries postharvest management, 316, 317
governing resources, 315
infrastructure development, 323
local communities, 314
management of facilities, 322, 323
natural resource-based sectors, 315
resource management, 315
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), 273
Conservation agriculture (CA), 7, 52, 508, 509
adoption, 32, 33
in Africa, 24–26
labour use and economic return, 31, 32
ox-plough system, 26, 27
practical experiences, 33, 35
rotation/associations, 23
soil erosion, 27–29, 31
soil properties, 27–29, 31
upscaling, 35, 36
yield effects, 27–29, 31
Conventional cotton farming, 176, 187, 192, 193
Copadichromis virginalis, 378
Coping mechanisms, 64, 67, 85, 88
Cotton-legume intercrop, 195
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), 474
Cox model, 232
Crop genotype, 474, 476, 479
Crop-livestock interactions, 25, 35, 37
Crop management, 168
Crop production, 148
Crossbred goats
fatty acid (see Fatty acid)
materials and methods
analysis, 252
animals and treatments, 250
dietary feeds, 252
fatty acid analysis, 251, 252
feeding management, 251
physical and chemical compositions,
252, 253
sampling LD, MM and OF, 251
Crotalaria juncea, 109
Culicoides imicola, 222
D
Dairy goat
breeding
challenges, 291, 292
crossbreeding programs, 293
Index