616
4.4 Climate Smart Agriculture and Adaptation to Climate
Change Impact
CSA requires that agricultural technologies must be efficient and effective, and the
environmental impact and socioeconomic consequences of adopting the technology
should be analyzed at both macro and micro levels. CSA must ensure that the livelihood of farming community is sustained even in the presence of climate change.
This will include availability of reliable market, good prices for agricultural produce, to enable farmers to have sufficient income, and they should have savings to
sustain their lives in case of climate shock and absence of own crop and livestock
production. Investment in building resilience through farmers’ institution capacity
(cooperatives), storage, agroprocessing, and value addition is necessary.
4.5 Mapping Areas for Agricultural Potential Areas
Precise use of nutrients based on the soil nutrient status and physical and chemical
properties requires that soil information be generated and be mapped at farm scale.
These maps will not only serve in planning but also in management of fields by
farmers, extension services, and local government and national levels. Spatial information will be a handy tool to guide decision-making on how to focus areas for
targeting intensification such as fertilizer type and quantities to apply to achieve
sustainable agricultural intensification (Palm et al. 2017).
Successful CSA implementation requires careful planning at landscape level, taking into account land morphology and associated variability of soils and moisture.
Lack of sufficient information at landscape scale climate impact planning has been
identified as the one of the drawbacks toward landscape planning to attain CSA success (Hunter and Crespo 2019). For example, Tanzania has an agro- ecological map
that shows the agro-ecological zone (AEZ) at a very coarse scale and has not been
updated. The fertilizer recommendations available are outdated and are based on the
same AEZ maps (Mowo et al. 1993). There is insufficient information on fertilizer
trials with integrated climate/weather, and soil testing information is lacking, hindering the attempts to update fertilizer recommendations.
5 Livestock Production and Mitigation Potential for Climate
Change
As pointed earlier in this book, livestock (including poultry) is widely recognized as
an important source of nourishment and as a livelihood asset for the poor worldwide. Livestock is a source of animal proteins including milk, meat, eggs, and blood
(contributing to food and nutrition security and dietary diversity). It also provides
B. R. Singh et al.
4.4 Climate Smart Agriculture and Adaptation to Climate
Change Impact
CSA requires that agricultural technologies must be efficient and effective, and the
environmental impact and socioeconomic consequences of adopting the technology
should be analyzed at both macro and micro levels. CSA must ensure that the livelihood of farming community is sustained even in the presence of climate change.
This will include availability of reliable market, good prices for agricultural produce, to enable farmers to have sufficient income, and they should have savings to
sustain their lives in case of climate shock and absence of own crop and livestock
production. Investment in building resilience through farmers’ institution capacity
(cooperatives), storage, agroprocessing, and value addition is necessary.
4.5 Mapping Areas for Agricultural Potential Areas
Precise use of nutrients based on the soil nutrient status and physical and chemical
properties requires that soil information be generated and be mapped at farm scale.
These maps will not only serve in planning but also in management of fields by
farmers, extension services, and local government and national levels. Spatial information will be a handy tool to guide decision-making on how to focus areas for
targeting intensification such as fertilizer type and quantities to apply to achieve
sustainable agricultural intensification (Palm et al. 2017).
Successful CSA implementation requires careful planning at landscape level, taking into account land morphology and associated variability of soils and moisture.
Lack of sufficient information at landscape scale climate impact planning has been
identified as the one of the drawbacks toward landscape planning to attain CSA success (Hunter and Crespo 2019). For example, Tanzania has an agro- ecological map
that shows the agro-ecological zone (AEZ) at a very coarse scale and has not been
updated. The fertilizer recommendations available are outdated and are based on the
same AEZ maps (Mowo et al. 1993). There is insufficient information on fertilizer
trials with integrated climate/weather, and soil testing information is lacking, hindering the attempts to update fertilizer recommendations.
5 Livestock Production and Mitigation Potential for Climate
Change
As pointed earlier in this book, livestock (including poultry) is widely recognized as
an important source of nourishment and as a livelihood asset for the poor worldwide. Livestock is a source of animal proteins including milk, meat, eggs, and blood
(contributing to food and nutrition security and dietary diversity). It also provides
B. R. Singh et al.