185
Table 4 (continued)
Description
Treatments
Unit
Costs
Natural Pyrethrin extract (1 application: 3500
TZS (110 ml)
−1 )
OP-P
US$
ha
−1
3.99
Neem leaves for biopesticide
CP-3-N + CU, OP-N,
OP-N + CU
US$
ha
−1
0.00
Sunflower oil for biopesticide (1 application:
3.5 l ha
−1 , 2500 TZS l
−1 )
OP-N, OP-N + CU
US$
ha
−1
3.99
Sunflower oil for biopesticide (3 applications:
10.4 l ha
−1 , 2500 TZS l
−1 )
CP-3-N + CU
US$
ha
−1
11.97
Cow urine for biopesticide (1 application:
4.94 l ha
−1 , 500 TZS l
−1 )
OP-N + CU
US$
ha
−1
1.14
Cow urine for biopesticide (3 applications:
14.83 l ha
−1 , 500 TZS l
−1 )
CP-3-N + CU
US$
ha
−1
3.42
Labour for scouting for pests
OP-P, OP-N, OP-N + CU US$
ha
−1
10.26
Labour for preparation of biopesticide (1
application)
OP-N, OP-N + CU
US$
ha
−1
5.70
Labour for preparation of biopesticide (3
applications)
CP-3-N + CU
US$
ha
−1
17.10
Labour for 1 application of (bio-)pesticides
OP-P, OP-N, OP-N + CU US$
ha
−1
4.56
Labour for 3 applications of (bio-)pesticides
CP-3, CP-3-N + CU
US$
ha
−1
13.68
Labour for 6 applications of (bio-)pesticides
CP-6
US$
ha
−1
27.36
Bags for harvested cotton
All
US$
ha
−1
11.40
Labour for green gram harvesting
OF-3 + L
US$
ha
−1
5.70
Labour for cotton harvesting
All
US$
kg
−1
0.0277
Labour and vehicle for transport of cotton to
selling point
All
US$
ha
−1
5.70
Note: The abbreviations of the treatments are explained in Tables 2 and 3
Source: own recording of production costs, information obtained from experts, own calculations
Table 5 Output prices (at the
end of growing season
2015/16 and 2016/17)
Output
Unit
Price
Cotton, conventional US$ kg
−1
0.461
Cotton, organic
US$ kg
−1
0.554
Green gram
US$ kg
−1
0.646
Source: observations at cotton selling
points and local markets
Yield and Profitability of Cotton Grown Under Smallholder Organic and Conventional…