172
Mwale FD, Adeloye AJ, Beevers L (2015) Quantifying vulnerability of rural communities to
flooding in SSA: a contemporary disaster management perspective applied to the Lower Shire
Valley, Malawi. Int J Disast Risk Re 12:172–187
Noyes PD, McElwee MK, Miller HD, Clark BW, Van Tiem LA, Walcott KC, Erwin K, Levin ED
(2009) The toxicology of climate change: environmental contaminants in a warming world.
Environ Int 35(6):971–986
Peña D, López-Piñeiro A, Albarrán Á, Becerra D, Sánchez-Llerena J (2015) Environmental fate of
the herbicide MCPA in agricultural soils amended with fresh and aged de-oiled two-phase olive
mill waste. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:13915–13925
Phiri MGI, Saka RA (2009) The impact of changing environmental conditions on vulnerable communities in the Shire Valley, Southern Malawi. In: Lee C, Schaaf T (eds) The future of drylands. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 545–559
PPDB (2017). http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/ppdb/en/atoz.htm. Accessed on 3 Oct 2017
Probst M, Berenzen N, Lentzen-Godding A, Schulz R (2005) Scenario-based simulation of
runoff- related pesticide entries into small streams on a landscape level. Ecotoxicol Environ
Saf 62(2):145–159
Rasheed R, Wahid A, Farooq M, Hussain I, Basra SMA (2011) Role of proline and glycine betaine
pretreatments in improving heat tolerance of sprouting sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) bud. Plant
Growth Regul 65:35–45
Rengel Z (2011) Soil pH, soil health and climate change. In: Singh B, Cowie A, Chan K (eds) Soil
health and climate change. Soil biology, vol 29. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 65–89
Rojas R, Vanderlinden E, Morillo J, Usero J, El Bakouri H (2014) Characterization of sorption
processes for the development of low-cost pesticide decontamination techniques. Sci Total
Environ 488–489:124–135
SADC/VAC (2016) Malawi vulnerability assessment committee results 2016. https://reliefweb.
int/report/malawi/malawi-vulnerability-assessment-committee-results-2016. Accessed 7 Dec
2017
Sebaï TE, Devers M, Lagacherie B, Rouard N, Soulas G, Martin-Laurent F (2010) Diuron mineralisation in a Mediterranean vineyard soil: impact of moisture content and temperature. Pest
Manag Sci 66:988–995
Silburn DM, Foley JL, deVoil RC (2013) Managing runoff of herbicides under rainfall and furrow
irrigation with wheel traffic and banded spraying. Agric Ecosyst Environ 180:40–53
Souza RA, Telles TS, Machado W, Hungria M, Filho JT, Guimarães MD (2012) Effects of sugarcane harvesting with burning on the chemical and microbiological properties of the soil. Agric
Ecosyst Environ 155:1–6
Stadlinger N, Mmochi AJ, Dobo S, Gyllbäck E, Kumblad L (2010) Pesticide use among smallholder rice farmers in Tanzania. Environ Dev Sustain 13(3):641–656
The World Bank Group (2017) Malawi data. https://data.worldbank.org/country/malawi. Accessed
7 Dec 2017
The World Fact Book (2016) Malawi. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/print_mi.html. Accessed 7 Dec 2017
Trigo C, Spokas KA, Hall KE, Cox L, Koskinen WC (2016) Metolachlor sorption and degradation
in soil amended with fresh and aged biochars. J Agric Food Chem 64:3141–3149
USAID (2007) Adapting to climate variability and change. A guidance manual for development
planning. USAID, Washington, 31pp
Vela N, Fenoll J, Navarro G, Garrido I, Navarro S (2017) Trial of solar heating methods (solarization and biosolarization) to reduce persistence of neonicotinoid and diamide insecticides in a
semiarid Mediterranean soil. Sci Total Environ 590–591:325–332
Wang Q, Pang C, Wen Z, Zheng H, Cheng R, Ma J, Que X (2018) Effect of grass hedges on runoff
loss of soil surface-applied herbicide under simulated rainfall in Northern China. Agric Ecosyst
Environ 253:1–10
WHO and UNICEF (2015) Progress on sanitation and drinking water – 2015 Update and MDG
assessment. WHO, Switzerland. 90pp. http://www.unicef.org/publications/index_82419.html.
Accessed 17 Jan 2018
T. K. Donga et al.
Mwale FD, Adeloye AJ, Beevers L (2015) Quantifying vulnerability of rural communities to
flooding in SSA: a contemporary disaster management perspective applied to the Lower Shire
Valley, Malawi. Int J Disast Risk Re 12:172–187
Noyes PD, McElwee MK, Miller HD, Clark BW, Van Tiem LA, Walcott KC, Erwin K, Levin ED
(2009) The toxicology of climate change: environmental contaminants in a warming world.
Environ Int 35(6):971–986
Peña D, López-Piñeiro A, Albarrán Á, Becerra D, Sánchez-Llerena J (2015) Environmental fate of
the herbicide MCPA in agricultural soils amended with fresh and aged de-oiled two-phase olive
mill waste. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:13915–13925
Phiri MGI, Saka RA (2009) The impact of changing environmental conditions on vulnerable communities in the Shire Valley, Southern Malawi. In: Lee C, Schaaf T (eds) The future of drylands. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 545–559
PPDB (2017). http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/ppdb/en/atoz.htm. Accessed on 3 Oct 2017
Probst M, Berenzen N, Lentzen-Godding A, Schulz R (2005) Scenario-based simulation of
runoff- related pesticide entries into small streams on a landscape level. Ecotoxicol Environ
Saf 62(2):145–159
Rasheed R, Wahid A, Farooq M, Hussain I, Basra SMA (2011) Role of proline and glycine betaine
pretreatments in improving heat tolerance of sprouting sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) bud. Plant
Growth Regul 65:35–45
Rengel Z (2011) Soil pH, soil health and climate change. In: Singh B, Cowie A, Chan K (eds) Soil
health and climate change. Soil biology, vol 29. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 65–89
Rojas R, Vanderlinden E, Morillo J, Usero J, El Bakouri H (2014) Characterization of sorption
processes for the development of low-cost pesticide decontamination techniques. Sci Total
Environ 488–489:124–135
SADC/VAC (2016) Malawi vulnerability assessment committee results 2016. https://reliefweb.
int/report/malawi/malawi-vulnerability-assessment-committee-results-2016. Accessed 7 Dec
2017
Sebaï TE, Devers M, Lagacherie B, Rouard N, Soulas G, Martin-Laurent F (2010) Diuron mineralisation in a Mediterranean vineyard soil: impact of moisture content and temperature. Pest
Manag Sci 66:988–995
Silburn DM, Foley JL, deVoil RC (2013) Managing runoff of herbicides under rainfall and furrow
irrigation with wheel traffic and banded spraying. Agric Ecosyst Environ 180:40–53
Souza RA, Telles TS, Machado W, Hungria M, Filho JT, Guimarães MD (2012) Effects of sugarcane harvesting with burning on the chemical and microbiological properties of the soil. Agric
Ecosyst Environ 155:1–6
Stadlinger N, Mmochi AJ, Dobo S, Gyllbäck E, Kumblad L (2010) Pesticide use among smallholder rice farmers in Tanzania. Environ Dev Sustain 13(3):641–656
The World Bank Group (2017) Malawi data. https://data.worldbank.org/country/malawi. Accessed
7 Dec 2017
The World Fact Book (2016) Malawi. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/print_mi.html. Accessed 7 Dec 2017
Trigo C, Spokas KA, Hall KE, Cox L, Koskinen WC (2016) Metolachlor sorption and degradation
in soil amended with fresh and aged biochars. J Agric Food Chem 64:3141–3149
USAID (2007) Adapting to climate variability and change. A guidance manual for development
planning. USAID, Washington, 31pp
Vela N, Fenoll J, Navarro G, Garrido I, Navarro S (2017) Trial of solar heating methods (solarization and biosolarization) to reduce persistence of neonicotinoid and diamide insecticides in a
semiarid Mediterranean soil. Sci Total Environ 590–591:325–332
Wang Q, Pang C, Wen Z, Zheng H, Cheng R, Ma J, Que X (2018) Effect of grass hedges on runoff
loss of soil surface-applied herbicide under simulated rainfall in Northern China. Agric Ecosyst
Environ 253:1–10
WHO and UNICEF (2015) Progress on sanitation and drinking water – 2015 Update and MDG
assessment. WHO, Switzerland. 90pp. http://www.unicef.org/publications/index_82419.html.
Accessed 17 Jan 2018
T. K. Donga et al.