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capacity at the national level and the implications for adaptation. Global Environ Change A
15:151–163
Camenzuli L, Scheringer M, Gaus C, Ng CA, Hungerbühler K (2012) Describing the environmental fate of diuron in a tropical river catchment. Sci Total Environ 440:178–185
Chai L, Wong M, Hansen HCB (2013) Degradation of chlorpyrifos in humid tropical soils. J
Environ Manag 125:28–32
Challinor A, Wheeler T, Garforth C, Craufurd P, Kassam A (2007) Assessing the vulnerability of
food crop systems in Africa to climate change. Clim Chang 83:381–399
Chandiposha M (2013) Potential impact of climate change in sugarcane and mitigation strategies
in Zimbabwe. Afr J Agric Res 8:2814–2818
Chidya RCG, Matumula S, Nakoma O, Chawinga CBJ (2016) Evaluation of groundwater quality
in rural-areas of northern Malawi: case of Zombwe extension planning area in Mzimba. Phys
Chem Earth Parts A/B/C 93:55–62
Chimphamba JB, Phiri OL (2014) Borehole water pollution and its implication on health on the
rural communities of Malawi. Malawi J Sci Technol 10(1):32–39
Dasgupta P, Morton JF, Dodman D, Karapinar B, Meza F, Rivera-Ferre MG, Toure Sarr A, Vincent
KE (2014) Rural areas. In: Field CB, Barros VR, Dokken DJ, Mach KJ, Mastrandrea MD,
Bilir TE, Chatterjee M, Ebi KL, Estrada YO, Genova RC, Girma B, Kissel ES, Levy AN,
MacCracken S, Mastrandrea PR, White LL (eds) Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation,
and vulnerability. Part A: Global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to
the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, UK/New York, NY, pp 613–657
de Beeck LO, Verheyen J, Olsen K, Stoks R (2017) Negative effects of pesticides under global
warming can be counteracted by a higher degradation rate and thermal adaptation. J Appl Ecol
54:1847–1855
de Paula RT, de Abreu ABG, de Queiroz MELR, Neves AA, da Silva AA (2016) Leaching and
persistence of ametryn and atrazine in red–yellow latosol. J Environ Sci Health B 51(2):90–95
Delcour I, Spanoghe P, Uyttendaele M (2015) Literature review: impact of climate change on
pesticide use. Food Res Int 68:7–15
DAFF (2014) Sugarcane. http://www.daff.gov.za/docs/Brochures/sugarcane.pdf. Accessed 28
June 2018
Deng H, Feng D, Hec J, Li F, Yu H, Gea C (2017) Influence of biochar amendments to soil on the
mobility of atrazine using sorption-desorption and soil thin-layer chromatography. Ecol Eng
99:381–390
Deressa T, Hassan R, Poonyth D (2005) Measuring the impact of climate change on South African
agriculture: the case of sugarcane growing regions. Agrekon 44(4):524–542
Dinisio AC, Rath S (2016) Abamectin in soils: analytical methods, kinetics, sorption and dissipation. Chemosphere 151:17–29
Donahoe M (2014) Temperature extremes can affect pesticides. https://nwdistrict.ifas.ufl.edu/
phag/2014/01/31/temperature-extremes-can-affect-pesticides/
Dong X, Sun H (2016) Effect of temperature and moisture on degradation of herbicide atrazine in
agricultural soil. Int J Environ Agric Res 2(7):150–157
EU (2004) Review report for the active substance S-Metolachlor. S-Metolachlor
SANCO/1426/2001 – rev. 3. http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/eu-pesticides-database/
public/?event=activesubstance.ViewReview&id=381. Accessed on 24 June 2017
EXTOXNET (1994) Abamectin. http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/24d-captan/abamectin-ext.html#6. Accessed16 July 2017
FAOSTAT (2018) Sugar cane. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#search/Sugar%20cane. Accessed on
5 March 2018
Fishel F (2015) Temperature effect on storage of agricultural pesticides. http://extension.missouri.
edu/p/G1921. Accessed on 3 Oct 2017
Gawander J (2007) Impact of climate change on sugar-cane production in Fiji. WMO Bull 56:34–39
T. K. Donga et al.
Brooks N, Neil Adger W, Mick Kelly P (2005) The determinants of vulnerability and adaptive
capacity at the national level and the implications for adaptation. Global Environ Change A
15:151–163
Camenzuli L, Scheringer M, Gaus C, Ng CA, Hungerbühler K (2012) Describing the environmental fate of diuron in a tropical river catchment. Sci Total Environ 440:178–185
Chai L, Wong M, Hansen HCB (2013) Degradation of chlorpyrifos in humid tropical soils. J
Environ Manag 125:28–32
Challinor A, Wheeler T, Garforth C, Craufurd P, Kassam A (2007) Assessing the vulnerability of
food crop systems in Africa to climate change. Clim Chang 83:381–399
Chandiposha M (2013) Potential impact of climate change in sugarcane and mitigation strategies
in Zimbabwe. Afr J Agric Res 8:2814–2818
Chidya RCG, Matumula S, Nakoma O, Chawinga CBJ (2016) Evaluation of groundwater quality
in rural-areas of northern Malawi: case of Zombwe extension planning area in Mzimba. Phys
Chem Earth Parts A/B/C 93:55–62
Chimphamba JB, Phiri OL (2014) Borehole water pollution and its implication on health on the
rural communities of Malawi. Malawi J Sci Technol 10(1):32–39
Dasgupta P, Morton JF, Dodman D, Karapinar B, Meza F, Rivera-Ferre MG, Toure Sarr A, Vincent
KE (2014) Rural areas. In: Field CB, Barros VR, Dokken DJ, Mach KJ, Mastrandrea MD,
Bilir TE, Chatterjee M, Ebi KL, Estrada YO, Genova RC, Girma B, Kissel ES, Levy AN,
MacCracken S, Mastrandrea PR, White LL (eds) Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation,
and vulnerability. Part A: Global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to
the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, UK/New York, NY, pp 613–657
de Beeck LO, Verheyen J, Olsen K, Stoks R (2017) Negative effects of pesticides under global
warming can be counteracted by a higher degradation rate and thermal adaptation. J Appl Ecol
54:1847–1855
de Paula RT, de Abreu ABG, de Queiroz MELR, Neves AA, da Silva AA (2016) Leaching and
persistence of ametryn and atrazine in red–yellow latosol. J Environ Sci Health B 51(2):90–95
Delcour I, Spanoghe P, Uyttendaele M (2015) Literature review: impact of climate change on
pesticide use. Food Res Int 68:7–15
DAFF (2014) Sugarcane. http://www.daff.gov.za/docs/Brochures/sugarcane.pdf. Accessed 28
June 2018
Deng H, Feng D, Hec J, Li F, Yu H, Gea C (2017) Influence of biochar amendments to soil on the
mobility of atrazine using sorption-desorption and soil thin-layer chromatography. Ecol Eng
99:381–390
Deressa T, Hassan R, Poonyth D (2005) Measuring the impact of climate change on South African
agriculture: the case of sugarcane growing regions. Agrekon 44(4):524–542
Dinisio AC, Rath S (2016) Abamectin in soils: analytical methods, kinetics, sorption and dissipation. Chemosphere 151:17–29
Donahoe M (2014) Temperature extremes can affect pesticides. https://nwdistrict.ifas.ufl.edu/
phag/2014/01/31/temperature-extremes-can-affect-pesticides/
Dong X, Sun H (2016) Effect of temperature and moisture on degradation of herbicide atrazine in
agricultural soil. Int J Environ Agric Res 2(7):150–157
EU (2004) Review report for the active substance S-Metolachlor. S-Metolachlor
SANCO/1426/2001 – rev. 3. http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/eu-pesticides-database/
public/?event=activesubstance.ViewReview&id=381. Accessed on 24 June 2017
EXTOXNET (1994) Abamectin. http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/24d-captan/abamectin-ext.html#6. Accessed16 July 2017
FAOSTAT (2018) Sugar cane. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#search/Sugar%20cane. Accessed on
5 March 2018
Fishel F (2015) Temperature effect on storage of agricultural pesticides. http://extension.missouri.
edu/p/G1921. Accessed on 3 Oct 2017
Gawander J (2007) Impact of climate change on sugar-cane production in Fiji. WMO Bull 56:34–39
T. K. Donga et al.