258
– ASA could go into the CD cavity from narrow side with the
acetyl group going in first and benzene ring partly standing
out.
Either way it is worth noting that the encapsulation efficiency
between ASA and β-CD formulation was more in precipitation
method compared to ground mixture [52].
Ibuprofen (IBU) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
(NSAID) widely available over the counter (OTC) used to relieve
acute pain resulting from various causes, including headache.
Several well-designed clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of OTC IBU in the treatment of tension-type headache, dental pain, sore throat, and postpartum episiotomy pain. Ibuprofen
sodium fast-acting salt formulation dissolves more rapidly than
conventional ibuprofen [53].
Mele et al. published a series of studies focused on the diffusion of solutes, including ibuprofen, through CD polymer hydrogels [54–56].
β-Cyclodextrin nanosponges (CDNS) obtained by crosslinking with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dianhydride (EDTA)
at two different molar ratios CDNS/EDTA 1:4 and 1:8 (Fig. 3)
were investigated. The solid-state products were prepared via
freeze-drying of the hydrogels obtained by swelling the nanosponge with aqueous solutions of ibuprofen sodium salt (IP).
The entrapment of IP was achieved by swelling the two polymers with a 0.27 M solution of IP in D 2 O (deuterium oxide), leading to colorless, homogeneous hydrogels loaded with IP. The
molecular environment and the transport properties of IP in the
hydrogels were studied by high-resolution magic angle spinning
spectroscopy (HRMAS NMR). The diffusion properties of IP in
CDNS can be modulated by suitable polymer synthesis; this finding opens the possibility to design drug delivery systems with predictable and desired drug release properties [55]. Further
investigations on the structural changes of the host CDNS material
as well as the drug chemical and structural modifications in the
polymer network in the solid state were done relying on two different methodological approaches: solid-state NMR spectra supported by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data [56].
Flurbiprofen is a weakly acidic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drug showing local gastrointestinal side effects, which are attributed partly to the insoluble drug particle adhesion to the gastric
mucosa, leading to high local concentrations.
β-CD carbonate nanosponges have been studied as drug delivery systems for flurbiprofen. As a result of the flurbiprofen complexation in the NS, the aqueous solubility of the drug was
particularly increased, up to 15 wt%. The strong interaction
between the NS and flurbiprofen was also confirmed by a slowMaria Tannous et al.
– ASA could go into the CD cavity from narrow side with the
acetyl group going in first and benzene ring partly standing
out.
Either way it is worth noting that the encapsulation efficiency
between ASA and β-CD formulation was more in precipitation
method compared to ground mixture [52].
Ibuprofen (IBU) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
(NSAID) widely available over the counter (OTC) used to relieve
acute pain resulting from various causes, including headache.
Several well-designed clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of OTC IBU in the treatment of tension-type headache, dental pain, sore throat, and postpartum episiotomy pain. Ibuprofen
sodium fast-acting salt formulation dissolves more rapidly than
conventional ibuprofen [53].
Mele et al. published a series of studies focused on the diffusion of solutes, including ibuprofen, through CD polymer hydrogels [54–56].
β-Cyclodextrin nanosponges (CDNS) obtained by crosslinking with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dianhydride (EDTA)
at two different molar ratios CDNS/EDTA 1:4 and 1:8 (Fig. 3)
were investigated. The solid-state products were prepared via
freeze-drying of the hydrogels obtained by swelling the nanosponge with aqueous solutions of ibuprofen sodium salt (IP).
The entrapment of IP was achieved by swelling the two polymers with a 0.27 M solution of IP in D 2 O (deuterium oxide), leading to colorless, homogeneous hydrogels loaded with IP. The
molecular environment and the transport properties of IP in the
hydrogels were studied by high-resolution magic angle spinning
spectroscopy (HRMAS NMR). The diffusion properties of IP in
CDNS can be modulated by suitable polymer synthesis; this finding opens the possibility to design drug delivery systems with predictable and desired drug release properties [55]. Further
investigations on the structural changes of the host CDNS material
as well as the drug chemical and structural modifications in the
polymer network in the solid state were done relying on two different methodological approaches: solid-state NMR spectra supported by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data [56].
Flurbiprofen is a weakly acidic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drug showing local gastrointestinal side effects, which are attributed partly to the insoluble drug particle adhesion to the gastric
mucosa, leading to high local concentrations.
β-CD carbonate nanosponges have been studied as drug delivery systems for flurbiprofen. As a result of the flurbiprofen complexation in the NS, the aqueous solubility of the drug was
particularly increased, up to 15 wt%. The strong interaction
between the NS and flurbiprofen was also confirmed by a slowMaria Tannous et al.