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J. Jodoin and J. Singer
Table 3 Codification categories and code options
Codification category
Code options
Relationship of image to the text?
• Yes, direct
• No, indirect
• No association to the text (appears to be decorative)
Themes of sample texts
• Global warming/climate change
• Pollution
• Water
• Shortage/drought
• Deforestation
• Ecotourism
• Energy
• Climate/weather changes
• Population
• Green technology
• Forests
• Water shortage
• Endangered species
• Life sciences
• Earth science
• Waste disposal
• Road construction
• Alternative energies
• Transportation
• Food
• Saving the rainforest
• Safari
• Saving water and resources
• Wind energy
• Ecological footprint
• Pollution
Target skill
• Reading
• Writing
• Listening
• Speaking
• Mixed (e.g. reading into speaking, listening into writing)
Learner level (CEFR)
• Basic user (A1)/beginner low
• Basic user (A2)/beginner high
• Independent user (B1)/intermediate low
• Independent user (B2)/intermediate high
• Proficient user (C1)/advanced low
• Proficient user (C2)/advanced high