476
C. Agus et al.
in behaviour in such desentralized system. Added with this Coleman et al. (2004)
points out that policies bring considerable confusion and it is continuing.
6 PANCA DARMA (Five Principles of Tamansiswa)
In the fifth Tamansiswa congress in 1947, the seven principles of Tamansiswa of 1922
were changed into five principles referred to as Tamansiswa’s Principles of 1947
or Panca Darma Tamansiswa (five pillars of Tamansiswa) including: (1) Natural
character, (2) Independence, (3) Culture, (4) Nationality and (5) Humanity (MLPTS
2012).
The first principle of natural character relates to human nature as living being
inseparable of God-created universe. Human must always regulates and positions
his or her existence in harmonious relation with nature and surrounding environment
(MLPTS 2012). The harmonious relation will support the effort to pursue prosperity, but when there is a conflict, it will result in the destruction of human dignity.
Therefore, education must be designed in a way that it gives a harmonious relation
and cohesion of human and nature (Solehan 2010; Wahyudi 2007; Agus 2017).
Concerning with the principle of independence, it is considered as God’s gift for
human along with “rights to regulate him- or herself” (zelfbescheikkingsrecht) keeping in mind that there are orderliness requirement for peaceful social life (MLPTS
2012). Therefore, it must be considered as “self-discipline” on the basis of noble
living values both as individuals and members of a society. It must be a foundation in
the development of strong personality with awareness of balanced and harmonious
atmosphere with society (Macaryus 2009, 2010; Agus 2017).
The principle of culture means that there is a responsibility for preserving values
and various kinds of national culture (MLPTS 2012). It is important to make any
possible effort in developing it by considering intelligence of the recent era and also
global advancement for the shake of both physically and psychological well-being
of people in every era and situation (Macaryus 2009, 2010; Agus 2017). Thus, the
principle of culture and its development are dynamic in nature and does not represent
static defense. The culture supposed to be developed and maintained includes everything related to the living interests of a nation in both physical and psychological
areas.
The principle of nationality means that every nation in this globe loves and upholds
its state and national bonds for the purpose of achieving both physical and psychological happiness of all of the components of the nations (MLPTS 2012). It should
not be on the contrary to the principles of humanity and unity as capital in gaining national success so that it does not result in hostility against other nations. The
principle of humanity means that it is human service coming from noble reason.
The noble reason results in compassion for both fellow men and universe (Macaryus
2009, 2010; Agus 2017).
C. Agus et al.
in behaviour in such desentralized system. Added with this Coleman et al. (2004)
points out that policies bring considerable confusion and it is continuing.
6 PANCA DARMA (Five Principles of Tamansiswa)
In the fifth Tamansiswa congress in 1947, the seven principles of Tamansiswa of 1922
were changed into five principles referred to as Tamansiswa’s Principles of 1947
or Panca Darma Tamansiswa (five pillars of Tamansiswa) including: (1) Natural
character, (2) Independence, (3) Culture, (4) Nationality and (5) Humanity (MLPTS
2012).
The first principle of natural character relates to human nature as living being
inseparable of God-created universe. Human must always regulates and positions
his or her existence in harmonious relation with nature and surrounding environment
(MLPTS 2012). The harmonious relation will support the effort to pursue prosperity, but when there is a conflict, it will result in the destruction of human dignity.
Therefore, education must be designed in a way that it gives a harmonious relation
and cohesion of human and nature (Solehan 2010; Wahyudi 2007; Agus 2017).
Concerning with the principle of independence, it is considered as God’s gift for
human along with “rights to regulate him- or herself” (zelfbescheikkingsrecht) keeping in mind that there are orderliness requirement for peaceful social life (MLPTS
2012). Therefore, it must be considered as “self-discipline” on the basis of noble
living values both as individuals and members of a society. It must be a foundation in
the development of strong personality with awareness of balanced and harmonious
atmosphere with society (Macaryus 2009, 2010; Agus 2017).
The principle of culture means that there is a responsibility for preserving values
and various kinds of national culture (MLPTS 2012). It is important to make any
possible effort in developing it by considering intelligence of the recent era and also
global advancement for the shake of both physically and psychological well-being
of people in every era and situation (Macaryus 2009, 2010; Agus 2017). Thus, the
principle of culture and its development are dynamic in nature and does not represent
static defense. The culture supposed to be developed and maintained includes everything related to the living interests of a nation in both physical and psychological
areas.
The principle of nationality means that every nation in this globe loves and upholds
its state and national bonds for the purpose of achieving both physical and psychological happiness of all of the components of the nations (MLPTS 2012). It should
not be on the contrary to the principles of humanity and unity as capital in gaining national success so that it does not result in hostility against other nations. The
principle of humanity means that it is human service coming from noble reason.
The noble reason results in compassion for both fellow men and universe (Macaryus
2009, 2010; Agus 2017).