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Z. A. Danial Hariz and M. A. Noor Adelyna
DNA Sequencing
A process whereby the order
of nucleotides within a DNA
sequence is determined.
Environmental DNA (eDNA)
Trace of DNA in environmental
samples—water, soil or faeces.
eDNA is a mixture of potentially
degraded DNA from many different organisms and be in different physical states (intraorganismal, intramembranous, particulate, adsorbed or free) (Taberlet
et al. 2012).
Marker
A gene or a region of DNA with
a known location in the genome
and can utilised in identifying
individuals or species.
Metabarcoding
identification of taxon from
DNA extracted from a sample
containing many different organisms.
Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU) The working proxy for “species”
in molecular ecology. It is the
taxonomic level of sampling
defined by the researcher in
a study. MOTUs are generated by comparing sequences
against each other to form a distance matrix, followed by clustering groups of sequences with
a specified amount of variability allowed within each MOTU
(Bohmann et al. 2014).
Next Generation Sequencing
Parallel sequencing technologies which produce thousands to
billions of DNA sequences in a
single sequencing run—e.g. Illumina Genome Analyser Series,
Roche 454, Life Technologies
SOLiD, Ion Torrent and PacBio.
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction is a
method used to amplify a single
copy or a few copies of a fragment of DNA generating thousands to millions of copies of a
particular DNA sequence.
Z. A. Danial Hariz and M. A. Noor Adelyna
DNA Sequencing
A process whereby the order
of nucleotides within a DNA
sequence is determined.
Environmental DNA (eDNA)
Trace of DNA in environmental
samples—water, soil or faeces.
eDNA is a mixture of potentially
degraded DNA from many different organisms and be in different physical states (intraorganismal, intramembranous, particulate, adsorbed or free) (Taberlet
et al. 2012).
Marker
A gene or a region of DNA with
a known location in the genome
and can utilised in identifying
individuals or species.
Metabarcoding
identification of taxon from
DNA extracted from a sample
containing many different organisms.
Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit (MOTU) The working proxy for “species”
in molecular ecology. It is the
taxonomic level of sampling
defined by the researcher in
a study. MOTUs are generated by comparing sequences
against each other to form a distance matrix, followed by clustering groups of sequences with
a specified amount of variability allowed within each MOTU
(Bohmann et al. 2014).
Next Generation Sequencing
Parallel sequencing technologies which produce thousands to
billions of DNA sequences in a
single sequencing run—e.g. Illumina Genome Analyser Series,
Roche 454, Life Technologies
SOLiD, Ion Torrent and PacBio.
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction is a
method used to amplify a single
copy or a few copies of a fragment of DNA generating thousands to millions of copies of a
particular DNA sequence.