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A. Khatoon
1 Introduction
Waste management is one of the most pressing urban challenges. Cities in Nepal,
are no exception, both national and local authorities face considerable challenges in
managing waste. Yet, managing solid waste is still not on a priority of local municipalities as the demand for other public services is much higher in many municipalities
in Nepal (ADB 2013). Most of the waste generated in cities in Nepal is poorly handled where waste often ends up in the open dumpsite. Open burning of waste is also
prevalent. These malpractices together with the poor condition of waste handling
equipment and old and rundown transportation vehicles (carbon-based fuel used)
lead to emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) and short-lived climate pollutants
(SLCPs) often linking the waste sector to the climate change phenomenon. To strategically tackle the solid waste management challenges, Nepal has ratified national
acts and local declarations. The Solid Waste Management Act (SWMA) 2011 is one
of the regulatory efforts. Nepal has also identified the reduction of GHG emissions
and adopting a low-carbon development pathway through its Climate Change Policy
and (Intended) Nationally Determined Commitments (I/NDCs). Nonetheless, there
are various degrees and layers of policy, institutional, technology, and financing challenges in achieving the waste and climate change objectives. Realizing these baseline
scenarios, it was felt necessary to strengthen the capacity of policy makers and practitioners to tap unused potential of mitigating GHGs and SLCP emissions generated
from the waste sector by developing an evidence-based policy, enabling regulatory
framework, innovative financing mechanisms, and adoption of the environmentally
sound technologies (ESTs) for pursuing sustainable waste management efforts in
Nepal.
2 Overall Approach of the Baseline Survey
The baseline is compiled using both secondary and primary information. All past
studies, reports, journal articles, and database were thoroughly reviewed and information was compiled. In addition, an empirical study was designed to gather first-hand
information and data from 16 municipalities across seven provinces of Nepal. Group
discussions were held with key groups and key informant interview was conducted.
The data collection and analysis were done mainly to develop an inventory with
waste generation, collection, treatment, recovery and recycling, and disposal data.
A. Khatoon
1 Introduction
Waste management is one of the most pressing urban challenges. Cities in Nepal,
are no exception, both national and local authorities face considerable challenges in
managing waste. Yet, managing solid waste is still not on a priority of local municipalities as the demand for other public services is much higher in many municipalities
in Nepal (ADB 2013). Most of the waste generated in cities in Nepal is poorly handled where waste often ends up in the open dumpsite. Open burning of waste is also
prevalent. These malpractices together with the poor condition of waste handling
equipment and old and rundown transportation vehicles (carbon-based fuel used)
lead to emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) and short-lived climate pollutants
(SLCPs) often linking the waste sector to the climate change phenomenon. To strategically tackle the solid waste management challenges, Nepal has ratified national
acts and local declarations. The Solid Waste Management Act (SWMA) 2011 is one
of the regulatory efforts. Nepal has also identified the reduction of GHG emissions
and adopting a low-carbon development pathway through its Climate Change Policy
and (Intended) Nationally Determined Commitments (I/NDCs). Nonetheless, there
are various degrees and layers of policy, institutional, technology, and financing challenges in achieving the waste and climate change objectives. Realizing these baseline
scenarios, it was felt necessary to strengthen the capacity of policy makers and practitioners to tap unused potential of mitigating GHGs and SLCP emissions generated
from the waste sector by developing an evidence-based policy, enabling regulatory
framework, innovative financing mechanisms, and adoption of the environmentally
sound technologies (ESTs) for pursuing sustainable waste management efforts in
Nepal.
2 Overall Approach of the Baseline Survey
The baseline is compiled using both secondary and primary information. All past
studies, reports, journal articles, and database were thoroughly reviewed and information was compiled. In addition, an empirical study was designed to gather first-hand
information and data from 16 municipalities across seven provinces of Nepal. Group
discussions were held with key groups and key informant interview was conducted.
The data collection and analysis were done mainly to develop an inventory with
waste generation, collection, treatment, recovery and recycling, and disposal data.