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P. Lakshmi Narayana Prasad and J. Karthikeyan
may be sold/marketed easily. In the present case study of Tirupati, a model of Eco
Park designed for 1000 kg/day of TCM. For adopting the vermicomposting at this
park, four number of compost pits each of size 25 × 2.00 × 1.00 m are required.
The quantity of compost that can be obtained is 650 kg/day and at a least cost of
Rs. 10/kg, revenue obtained by this would be Rs. 6500/day. The gardeners employed
in the park may be assigned the works related to composting with incentives. The
quantity of non-biodegradable residues that needs to be transported to disposal site
is only 32% and this reduces the cost of transportation greatly. Decentralization of
composting and composting in public places like parks, etc. is a good option for
processing of MSW and hence deserves implementation.
Keywords MSW · TCM · Eco park · Biodegradable · Compost
1 Introduction
One of the most environmental consequences of the process of urbanization is the
ever-growing amount of solid wastes generated by cities. Most urban areas in the
country are plagued by acute problems related to solid waste, and the status of solid
waste management scenario, in general, is satisfactory, mainly due to Swachh Bharat
Mission and improving organized efforts.
Tirupati is a world-famous sacred place of pilgrimage located in Chittoor District,
Andhra Pradesh (latitude 13
° 40
N and longitude 79
° 20
E). The city is spread over an
area of 25 km
2 and is located at the foot of the picturesque seven hills, the abode of
Lord Sri Venkateswara. The population of Tirupati was mere 5484 in 1901. As per
1971 Census, the population of the town was 65,000. The growth rate during 1961–
1971 was to a tune of 83%. The population has grown to 174,393 in 1991 and as per
2011 Census, the population is 400,000. Around 60,000–80,000 pilgrims arrive at
Tirupati every day from different parts of India and abroad to have a Darshan of Lord
Venkateswara. Tirupati town is not only a holy pilgrim place but also an education
center having four universities, scores of graduate and under graduate colleges, and
many numbers of schools. It is also having good hospital facilities which meet the
health needs of the surrounding areas.
The initiatives taken by the municipalities in the present-day context pertain to better collection, transport, and disposal activities. Almost no processing of Municipal
Solid Waste is done in our country except in few cities/municipalities where centralized/decentralized composting is adopted on a limited scale. However, disposal
of solid waste is most crude and unscientific—open dumping in low-lying areas, or
in dump yards without any cover material—emanating foul odors—is a breeding
place for mosquitoes, flies, pests and rodents, grazing by pigs, and other stray animals and in some places even simmering with smoke and fire. Status of Municipal
Solid Waste Management deserves to be improved for protection of public health
and environment.
P. Lakshmi Narayana Prasad and J. Karthikeyan
may be sold/marketed easily. In the present case study of Tirupati, a model of Eco
Park designed for 1000 kg/day of TCM. For adopting the vermicomposting at this
park, four number of compost pits each of size 25 × 2.00 × 1.00 m are required.
The quantity of compost that can be obtained is 650 kg/day and at a least cost of
Rs. 10/kg, revenue obtained by this would be Rs. 6500/day. The gardeners employed
in the park may be assigned the works related to composting with incentives. The
quantity of non-biodegradable residues that needs to be transported to disposal site
is only 32% and this reduces the cost of transportation greatly. Decentralization of
composting and composting in public places like parks, etc. is a good option for
processing of MSW and hence deserves implementation.
Keywords MSW · TCM · Eco park · Biodegradable · Compost
1 Introduction
One of the most environmental consequences of the process of urbanization is the
ever-growing amount of solid wastes generated by cities. Most urban areas in the
country are plagued by acute problems related to solid waste, and the status of solid
waste management scenario, in general, is satisfactory, mainly due to Swachh Bharat
Mission and improving organized efforts.
Tirupati is a world-famous sacred place of pilgrimage located in Chittoor District,
Andhra Pradesh (latitude 13
° 40
N and longitude 79
° 20
E). The city is spread over an
area of 25 km
2 and is located at the foot of the picturesque seven hills, the abode of
Lord Sri Venkateswara. The population of Tirupati was mere 5484 in 1901. As per
1971 Census, the population of the town was 65,000. The growth rate during 1961–
1971 was to a tune of 83%. The population has grown to 174,393 in 1991 and as per
2011 Census, the population is 400,000. Around 60,000–80,000 pilgrims arrive at
Tirupati every day from different parts of India and abroad to have a Darshan of Lord
Venkateswara. Tirupati town is not only a holy pilgrim place but also an education
center having four universities, scores of graduate and under graduate colleges, and
many numbers of schools. It is also having good hospital facilities which meet the
health needs of the surrounding areas.
The initiatives taken by the municipalities in the present-day context pertain to better collection, transport, and disposal activities. Almost no processing of Municipal
Solid Waste is done in our country except in few cities/municipalities where centralized/decentralized composting is adopted on a limited scale. However, disposal
of solid waste is most crude and unscientific—open dumping in low-lying areas, or
in dump yards without any cover material—emanating foul odors—is a breeding
place for mosquitoes, flies, pests and rodents, grazing by pigs, and other stray animals and in some places even simmering with smoke and fire. Status of Municipal
Solid Waste Management deserves to be improved for protection of public health
and environment.