128
S. B. Wath
and poor and lack of sanitation facility is the main reason for school dropout of girls
in India. As per WHO, of the various deceases caused due to poor sanitation globally,
99.8% deaths due to ‘Diarrhoea’ occur in developing countries, of which 90% are
children’s. Thus, there is a great need for developing the proper sanitation facility
in the ‘Rural’ as well as ‘Urban’ areas, and more importantly keeping it clean and
hygienic, in order to enhance its usability. As even places with toilets–urinals facility,
people are reluctant to use it, as are often dirty, stinky and unhygienic in absence
of regular cleaning and flushing. And which is one of the major reason for Open
Defecation in areas even with urinal–toilet facilities.
The causes and constraint for dirty urinals–toilets can be plenty, which comprise
of Technical (such as limitation of resources including water; Technical and Economic constraints, such as high initial and recurring cost, need of high supervision,
etc.) and Non-Technical constraints (Behavioural and Psychological, such as ignorance, lethargic attitude towards flushing, fear of contaminations, etc.) as discussed
in Wath (2016). Waterless urinals are now installed at many places of high commercial importance such as malls, multiplexes, airports, etc. to reduce water requirement.
However, it has its own limitations and drawbacks, such as; Waterless Urinals are
expensive and have high consumable and maintenance cost. Major associated problems with Waterless Urinals are scaling, odour, pipeline corrosion (IIT Delhi Report;
Waterless Urinals Report and Evaluation 2008), choking problem particularly due
to user’s habits of throwing/spitting Pan, Guthkha, Tobacco, Cigarettes, hairs, etc.
in the urinal–toilet pots.
And, these constraints and drawbacks associated with the existing technologies
generally result (Wath 2016) in:
• Dirty and bad smell in and around sanitation facility
• Open defecation
• Water wastage
• Health hazard
Hence, the user of the sanitation facility anticipates the existence of the hands-free
flushing system, which will ensure the cleanliness of urinals–toilets after use.
2 Design and Development
‘CSIR-NEERI’ have developed an Automatic Mechanical Urinal–Toilet Flusher—
‘NEERFLUSH’ and ‘Water-Efficient Urinal Pot—NEERSWACHH’.
• NEERFLUSH—An automatic mechanical urinal–toilet flusher (Patent
194DEL2013)
The NEERFLUSH is an automatic mechanical urinal–toilet flusher actuated by
a mechanical provision. It consists of a bulged portion acting as a temporary water
reservoir with the cross section of inlet and outlet of the pipe, in conformance with
S. B. Wath
and poor and lack of sanitation facility is the main reason for school dropout of girls
in India. As per WHO, of the various deceases caused due to poor sanitation globally,
99.8% deaths due to ‘Diarrhoea’ occur in developing countries, of which 90% are
children’s. Thus, there is a great need for developing the proper sanitation facility
in the ‘Rural’ as well as ‘Urban’ areas, and more importantly keeping it clean and
hygienic, in order to enhance its usability. As even places with toilets–urinals facility,
people are reluctant to use it, as are often dirty, stinky and unhygienic in absence
of regular cleaning and flushing. And which is one of the major reason for Open
Defecation in areas even with urinal–toilet facilities.
The causes and constraint for dirty urinals–toilets can be plenty, which comprise
of Technical (such as limitation of resources including water; Technical and Economic constraints, such as high initial and recurring cost, need of high supervision,
etc.) and Non-Technical constraints (Behavioural and Psychological, such as ignorance, lethargic attitude towards flushing, fear of contaminations, etc.) as discussed
in Wath (2016). Waterless urinals are now installed at many places of high commercial importance such as malls, multiplexes, airports, etc. to reduce water requirement.
However, it has its own limitations and drawbacks, such as; Waterless Urinals are
expensive and have high consumable and maintenance cost. Major associated problems with Waterless Urinals are scaling, odour, pipeline corrosion (IIT Delhi Report;
Waterless Urinals Report and Evaluation 2008), choking problem particularly due
to user’s habits of throwing/spitting Pan, Guthkha, Tobacco, Cigarettes, hairs, etc.
in the urinal–toilet pots.
And, these constraints and drawbacks associated with the existing technologies
generally result (Wath 2016) in:
• Dirty and bad smell in and around sanitation facility
• Open defecation
• Water wastage
• Health hazard
Hence, the user of the sanitation facility anticipates the existence of the hands-free
flushing system, which will ensure the cleanliness of urinals–toilets after use.
2 Design and Development
‘CSIR-NEERI’ have developed an Automatic Mechanical Urinal–Toilet Flusher—
‘NEERFLUSH’ and ‘Water-Efficient Urinal Pot—NEERSWACHH’.
• NEERFLUSH—An automatic mechanical urinal–toilet flusher (Patent
194DEL2013)
The NEERFLUSH is an automatic mechanical urinal–toilet flusher actuated by
a mechanical provision. It consists of a bulged portion acting as a temporary water
reservoir with the cross section of inlet and outlet of the pipe, in conformance with