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storage of squid (Ommastrephes bartrami) in flake ice (Yuan et al. 2017). TVB-N
level of octopus (Cistopus indicus) stored in ice reached 144.9 mg/100 g in 5 days
(Shalini et al. 2015).
There are many differences between fish and cephalopods. There are no clear
Z-lines and no protein band of the characteristic in the cuttlefish and squid mantle.
The degradation pathway of ATP is different from vertebrates in invertebrates.
Squid doesn’t accumulate inosine-5′-phosphate (IMP) and therefore, textural
changes of squid during cold storage differ from those of vertebrates (Kagawa
et al. 2002).
Yamanaka et al. (1987) argued that agmatine is a useful potential index for evaluating the freshness of common squid (Todarodes pacificus). They also stated that the
amino acid arginine is extremely abundant in free state in invertebrates and Agmatine
can be easily formed from arginine decarboxylation. In their study, these researchers determined that agmatine detected small amounts even in fresh squid muscle
and increased during storage. They reported that they detected agmatine at
40 mg/100 g level in the advanced stage of the deterioration. Paarup et al. (2002b)
found that the level of agmatine biogenic amine determined in trace amount in fresh
squid (Todaropsis eblanae) muscle reached 120 mg/100 g in 9 days of iced storage.
The agmatine produced could be, subsequently, converted in putrescine, spermidine
and spermine (Vaz-Pires et al. 2008). On the 13th day of storage, other biogenic
amines, cadaverine, tyramine and putrescine were detected. It has been determined
that the content of biogenic amines, especially putresine, cadaverine and tyramine
in the octopus purchased at supermarket exceeded 100 mg/kg after 5 days of storage
at 4 °C (Hu et al. 2012). However, histamine level ranged 1.3–9 mg/kg. Similarly,
histamine level has been reported as a maximum of 42.5 mg/kg after 100 h of storage at 4 °C for of octopus (O. maya) (Gullian-Klanian et al. 2016). The low histamine concentration in octopus samples may be related to the low levels of the
decarboxylase enzyme of histidine. While initial putrecine content of musky octopus (Eledone moschata) was found 5 mg/kg, other biogenic amines were not
detected. However, after 12 and 24 h at 22 °C putrecine increased to 33 mg/kg and
56.7 mg/kg, respectively. The increase in other biogenic amines was very low
(Prester et al. 2010).
Microorganisms play an important role in the quality change and deterioration of
cephalopods. Studies have reported increases in microbial load during storage. The
increase from an initial level of 4–7 log cfu/g in aerobic plate count of squid
(Todaropsis eblanae) mantles stored at 4 °C, when it was sensorially rejected has
been reported (Paarup et al. 2002b). Initial aerobic plate count (APC) of 4.023 cfu/g
remained almost constant during the storage of the octopus (Cistopus indicus) in ice
(Shalini et al. 2015). In Octopus vulgaris a bacterial load of 5–6 log cfu/cm
2
was
detected, when was rejected (Vaz-Pires and Barbosa 2004). This indicates that the
deterioration in the octopus is mainly enzymatic rather than bacterial (Hurtado et al.
1999; Shalini et al. 2015). It was reported that the initial load of 6 log cfu/g
−1
of
squid (Ommastrephes bartrami) stored in flake ice maintained after 12 days of storage (Yuan et al. 2017).
3 Molluscan Shellfish
storage of squid (Ommastrephes bartrami) in flake ice (Yuan et al. 2017). TVB-N
level of octopus (Cistopus indicus) stored in ice reached 144.9 mg/100 g in 5 days
(Shalini et al. 2015).
There are many differences between fish and cephalopods. There are no clear
Z-lines and no protein band of the characteristic in the cuttlefish and squid mantle.
The degradation pathway of ATP is different from vertebrates in invertebrates.
Squid doesn’t accumulate inosine-5′-phosphate (IMP) and therefore, textural
changes of squid during cold storage differ from those of vertebrates (Kagawa
et al. 2002).
Yamanaka et al. (1987) argued that agmatine is a useful potential index for evaluating the freshness of common squid (Todarodes pacificus). They also stated that the
amino acid arginine is extremely abundant in free state in invertebrates and Agmatine
can be easily formed from arginine decarboxylation. In their study, these researchers determined that agmatine detected small amounts even in fresh squid muscle
and increased during storage. They reported that they detected agmatine at
40 mg/100 g level in the advanced stage of the deterioration. Paarup et al. (2002b)
found that the level of agmatine biogenic amine determined in trace amount in fresh
squid (Todaropsis eblanae) muscle reached 120 mg/100 g in 9 days of iced storage.
The agmatine produced could be, subsequently, converted in putrescine, spermidine
and spermine (Vaz-Pires et al. 2008). On the 13th day of storage, other biogenic
amines, cadaverine, tyramine and putrescine were detected. It has been determined
that the content of biogenic amines, especially putresine, cadaverine and tyramine
in the octopus purchased at supermarket exceeded 100 mg/kg after 5 days of storage
at 4 °C (Hu et al. 2012). However, histamine level ranged 1.3–9 mg/kg. Similarly,
histamine level has been reported as a maximum of 42.5 mg/kg after 100 h of storage at 4 °C for of octopus (O. maya) (Gullian-Klanian et al. 2016). The low histamine concentration in octopus samples may be related to the low levels of the
decarboxylase enzyme of histidine. While initial putrecine content of musky octopus (Eledone moschata) was found 5 mg/kg, other biogenic amines were not
detected. However, after 12 and 24 h at 22 °C putrecine increased to 33 mg/kg and
56.7 mg/kg, respectively. The increase in other biogenic amines was very low
(Prester et al. 2010).
Microorganisms play an important role in the quality change and deterioration of
cephalopods. Studies have reported increases in microbial load during storage. The
increase from an initial level of 4–7 log cfu/g in aerobic plate count of squid
(Todaropsis eblanae) mantles stored at 4 °C, when it was sensorially rejected has
been reported (Paarup et al. 2002b). Initial aerobic plate count (APC) of 4.023 cfu/g
remained almost constant during the storage of the octopus (Cistopus indicus) in ice
(Shalini et al. 2015). In Octopus vulgaris a bacterial load of 5–6 log cfu/cm
2
was
detected, when was rejected (Vaz-Pires and Barbosa 2004). This indicates that the
deterioration in the octopus is mainly enzymatic rather than bacterial (Hurtado et al.
1999; Shalini et al. 2015). It was reported that the initial load of 6 log cfu/g
−1
of
squid (Ommastrephes bartrami) stored in flake ice maintained after 12 days of storage (Yuan et al. 2017).
3 Molluscan Shellfish