5.4 Conclusion
57
Table 5.1 Nanotechnology in biomass conversion to hydrogen
Biomass
Method of H 2 generation Nanotechnology
References
Artificial wastewater
Fermentation
Gold nanoparticles
[33]
Lignin
Gasification
Nanoparticle catalyst
[34]
Glucose
Fermentation
Ni nanoparticles
[35]
Cellulose
Catalytic hydrothermal
conversion
SnO 2 and ZnO
nanoparticles
[36]
Glucose
Fermentation
TiO 2 and magnetic
hematite nanoparticle
[37]
Gasification/pyrolysis
Nano-NiO/γ-Al 2 O 3
[38]
Wastewater
Fermentation
Ag nanoparticles
[39]
Anaerobic sludge/sucrose
Fermentation
Mesoporous Fe 3 O 4
nanoparticles
[40]
5.4 Conclusion
Hydrogen can also be obtained from biomass along with several other sources. There
are different methods, such as thermochemical and biochemical, for the generation of
hydrogen from biomass. Nanotechnology is used in almost all of these processes for
the generation of hydrogen. Amount of hydrogen obtained from the biomass is very
small as compared to other sources. The biomass with high moisture content must
be investigated for better production of hydrogen. The advanced nanomaterials like
graphene sheets and carbon nanotubes must also be investigated for the generation
of hydrogen from a variety of biomasses.
References
1. Milne TA, Elam CC, Evans RJ (2002) Hydrogen from biomass: state of the art and research
challenges. United States. https://doi.org/10.2172/792221
2. Ahmed I, Gupta AK (2009) Syngas yield during pyrolysis and steam gasification of paper.
Appl Energy 86(9):1813–1821
3. White LP, Plaskett LG (1981) Biomass as fuel. Academic Press Ltd.
4. Kalinci Y, Hepbasli A, Dincer I (2009) Biomass-based hydrogen production: A review and
analysis. Int J Hydrogen Energy 34(21):8799–8817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.
08.078
5. Balat H, Kırtay E (2010) Hydrogen from biomass–present scenario and future prospects. Int J
Hydrogen Energy 35(14):7416–7426
6. Ozbay N, Pütün AE, Pütün E (2006) Bio-oil production from rapid pyrolysis of cottonseed
cake: Product yields and compositions. Int J Energy Res 30(7):501–510
7. Evans R, Boyd L, Elam C, Czernik S, French R, Feik C, Philips S, Chaornet E, Parent Y (2003)
Hydrogen from biomass-catalytic reforming of pyrolysis vapors.
8. Jarungthammachote S, Dutta A (2012) Experimental investigation of a multi-stage air-steam
gasification process for hydrogen enriched gas production. Int J Energy Res 36(3):335–345
57
Table 5.1 Nanotechnology in biomass conversion to hydrogen
Biomass
Method of H 2 generation Nanotechnology
References
Artificial wastewater
Fermentation
Gold nanoparticles
[33]
Lignin
Gasification
Nanoparticle catalyst
[34]
Glucose
Fermentation
Ni nanoparticles
[35]
Cellulose
Catalytic hydrothermal
conversion
SnO 2 and ZnO
nanoparticles
[36]
Glucose
Fermentation
TiO 2 and magnetic
hematite nanoparticle
[37]
Gasification/pyrolysis
Nano-NiO/γ-Al 2 O 3
[38]
Wastewater
Fermentation
Ag nanoparticles
[39]
Anaerobic sludge/sucrose
Fermentation
Mesoporous Fe 3 O 4
nanoparticles
[40]
5.4 Conclusion
Hydrogen can also be obtained from biomass along with several other sources. There
are different methods, such as thermochemical and biochemical, for the generation of
hydrogen from biomass. Nanotechnology is used in almost all of these processes for
the generation of hydrogen. Amount of hydrogen obtained from the biomass is very
small as compared to other sources. The biomass with high moisture content must
be investigated for better production of hydrogen. The advanced nanomaterials like
graphene sheets and carbon nanotubes must also be investigated for the generation
of hydrogen from a variety of biomasses.
References
1. Milne TA, Elam CC, Evans RJ (2002) Hydrogen from biomass: state of the art and research
challenges. United States. https://doi.org/10.2172/792221
2. Ahmed I, Gupta AK (2009) Syngas yield during pyrolysis and steam gasification of paper.
Appl Energy 86(9):1813–1821
3. White LP, Plaskett LG (1981) Biomass as fuel. Academic Press Ltd.
4. Kalinci Y, Hepbasli A, Dincer I (2009) Biomass-based hydrogen production: A review and
analysis. Int J Hydrogen Energy 34(21):8799–8817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.
08.078
5. Balat H, Kırtay E (2010) Hydrogen from biomass–present scenario and future prospects. Int J
Hydrogen Energy 35(14):7416–7426
6. Ozbay N, Pütün AE, Pütün E (2006) Bio-oil production from rapid pyrolysis of cottonseed
cake: Product yields and compositions. Int J Energy Res 30(7):501–510
7. Evans R, Boyd L, Elam C, Czernik S, French R, Feik C, Philips S, Chaornet E, Parent Y (2003)
Hydrogen from biomass-catalytic reforming of pyrolysis vapors.
8. Jarungthammachote S, Dutta A (2012) Experimental investigation of a multi-stage air-steam
gasification process for hydrogen enriched gas production. Int J Energy Res 36(3):335–345