3.5 CO 2 Sequestration
33
temperature zone) inside fixed reactor. The temperature of catalysts was then
increased up to 500 °C and followed by the flow of Ar and H 2 for 1 h at rate of
40 mlmin
−1 . H 2 flow is turned off after reduction, whereas Ar is allowed to flow
again. After attaining the constant temperature, ethanol is introduced in the gasification room at controlled rate. Here decomposition of ethanol takes place, resulting
in the liberation of hydrogen gas and carbon deposition on the surface of the catalyst. Different characterization techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, TEM, and
SEM proved that the deposited materials on the surface of the catalysts are carbon
nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes thus formed not only reduce the CO 2 emission but also
have several advantages of their own in multiple fields [18].
The CO 2 emitted during decarbonization of hydrocarbons can also be converted
into single-walled carbon nanotubes over Fe/MgO catalyst. In an investigation, a
derivative of Feitknecht-compound precursor is used as catalyst. The catalyst was
synthesized with co-precipitation process. The Feitknecht-compound precursor is
known for the development of strong metal–support association which allows the
development of fine quality single-walled carbon nanotubes on its surface during
decarbonization of ethanol for hydrogen production. TEM was used for the surface
characterization of the prepared carbon nanotubes [19].
3.6 Conclusion
The hydrocarbons can be used for the production of hydrogen. The decarbonization
of hydrocarbons is achieved by using different processes such as partial oxidation,
photocatalytic activation, steam reforming, etc. The evolution of hydrogen from
hydrocarbons is accompanied with the production of carbon dioxide. Nanomaterials
are aiding both the liberation of hydrogen and mitigation of carbon dioxide, which
is produce as the result of decarbonization of the hydrocarbons. The current study
proposed the use of comparatively less consumed fractions from the obtained crude
oil refining, instead of already useful hydrocarbon such as natural gas. Extensive
research is needed in this area. A very little research is done in the area of carbon
dioxide mitigation, obtained as by-product during decarbonization. Along with the
conversion of carbon in carbon nanotubes, other mitigation processes must also be
used for handling of the gas. As only the conversion of generated carbon dioxide is
not enough for large-scale decarbonization of the hydrocarbons.
References
1. Mueller-Langer F, Tzimas E, Kaltschmitt M, Peteves S (2007) Techno-economic assessment
of hydrogen production processes for the hydrogen economy for the short and medium term.
Int J Hydrogen Energy 32(16):3797–3810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.05.027
33
temperature zone) inside fixed reactor. The temperature of catalysts was then
increased up to 500 °C and followed by the flow of Ar and H 2 for 1 h at rate of
40 mlmin
−1 . H 2 flow is turned off after reduction, whereas Ar is allowed to flow
again. After attaining the constant temperature, ethanol is introduced in the gasification room at controlled rate. Here decomposition of ethanol takes place, resulting
in the liberation of hydrogen gas and carbon deposition on the surface of the catalyst. Different characterization techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, TEM, and
SEM proved that the deposited materials on the surface of the catalysts are carbon
nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes thus formed not only reduce the CO 2 emission but also
have several advantages of their own in multiple fields [18].
The CO 2 emitted during decarbonization of hydrocarbons can also be converted
into single-walled carbon nanotubes over Fe/MgO catalyst. In an investigation, a
derivative of Feitknecht-compound precursor is used as catalyst. The catalyst was
synthesized with co-precipitation process. The Feitknecht-compound precursor is
known for the development of strong metal–support association which allows the
development of fine quality single-walled carbon nanotubes on its surface during
decarbonization of ethanol for hydrogen production. TEM was used for the surface
characterization of the prepared carbon nanotubes [19].
3.6 Conclusion
The hydrocarbons can be used for the production of hydrogen. The decarbonization
of hydrocarbons is achieved by using different processes such as partial oxidation,
photocatalytic activation, steam reforming, etc. The evolution of hydrogen from
hydrocarbons is accompanied with the production of carbon dioxide. Nanomaterials
are aiding both the liberation of hydrogen and mitigation of carbon dioxide, which
is produce as the result of decarbonization of the hydrocarbons. The current study
proposed the use of comparatively less consumed fractions from the obtained crude
oil refining, instead of already useful hydrocarbon such as natural gas. Extensive
research is needed in this area. A very little research is done in the area of carbon
dioxide mitigation, obtained as by-product during decarbonization. Along with the
conversion of carbon in carbon nanotubes, other mitigation processes must also be
used for handling of the gas. As only the conversion of generated carbon dioxide is
not enough for large-scale decarbonization of the hydrocarbons.
References
1. Mueller-Langer F, Tzimas E, Kaltschmitt M, Peteves S (2007) Techno-economic assessment
of hydrogen production processes for the hydrogen economy for the short and medium term.
Int J Hydrogen Energy 32(16):3797–3810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.05.027