32
3 Fossil Hydrocarbon Decarbonization and Nanotechnology
Pt was incorporated on the films by infusing them in solution of H 2 PtCl 6 for 6 h.
The excessive H 2 PtCl 6 was removed by treating the films with formaldehyde. The
films were characterized with XRD and SEM. The photocatalytic degradation of
methanol gas was carried out in continuous-flow tank with Pt/TiO 2 films. In this
process, maximum H 2 production rate of 4.675 mmolh
−1 was achieved [15].
Hydrogen can be generated from triethanolamine via the photocatalytic activation
using eosin Y-sensitized Pt-loaded nanotubes Na 2 Ti 2 O 4 (OH) 2 . The photocatalytic
activity of eosin Y-sensitized Pt-loaded is reported by Li et al. under visible light
irradiation with wavelength ≥ 420 nm. These nanotubes were synthesized by the
hydrothermal synthesis process whereas the eosin Y-sensitized NTS was synthesized
by the impregnation process. Pt nanoparticles were by impregnated in situ with
H 2 PtCl 6 by photodeposition process. The prepared catalysts were analyzed by TEM,
solid-state diffusion reflectance UV–vis spectrometer (UV–vis/DRS), and XRD. The
catalyst exhibited 14.97% quantum efficiency, 100 h stability (in 10 consecutive
rounds) [16].
In an investigation, a photocatalytic bi-crystalline mixture of two nanostructures
was used for the production of hydrogen from neat ethanol. For the preparation
of first set of nanostructures, nanotubes of sodium titanate were transformed into
nanotubes of monoclinic TiO 2 (B) by washing with HCl and then drying at 300 °C.
When the calcination temperature of prepared nanotubes was increased to 400 °C
these nanotubes start to change into anatase nanoparticles resulting in the formation
of bi-crystalline combination consisting of nanotubes of TiO 2 (B) and nanoparticles
of anatase. The prepared nanostructures were characterized with XRD and FE-SEM.
Scherrer equation was used to determine the principal particle size of the anatase
nanoparticles, which were assessed to be ~10 nm. When the bi-crystalline structures
were loaded with 1% Pt, their photocatalytic ability was improved drastically. They
generated 25% more H 2 by photocatalytic dehydrogenation in UV light as compared
to the reference P-25 TiO 2 . The promising efficiency of the bimetallic catalysts
can be attributed to the fact that the photocatalyst which consists of two phases
provides better separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, leading to the better
photocatalytic activity [17].
3.5 CO 2 Sequestration
Fossil decarbonization for the production of sustainable hydrogen always produces
oxides of the carbon relative to the amount of carbon present in the hydrocarbon.
The CO 2 is produced as the major oxides. This is one of the biggest disadvantages
of the fossil hydrocarbon decarbonization. Several solutions have been proposed for
the mitigation of the problem. Nanotechnology is also involved in many of these
solutions.
Li et al. have reported the simultaneous generation of H 2 and the carbon nanotubes
from the fossil decarbonization of ethanol over Fe/Al 2 O 3 catalyst. For the decarbonization of ethanol, fresh Fe/Al 2 O 3 catalyst was placed in quartz tube (at constant
3 Fossil Hydrocarbon Decarbonization and Nanotechnology
Pt was incorporated on the films by infusing them in solution of H 2 PtCl 6 for 6 h.
The excessive H 2 PtCl 6 was removed by treating the films with formaldehyde. The
films were characterized with XRD and SEM. The photocatalytic degradation of
methanol gas was carried out in continuous-flow tank with Pt/TiO 2 films. In this
process, maximum H 2 production rate of 4.675 mmolh
−1 was achieved [15].
Hydrogen can be generated from triethanolamine via the photocatalytic activation
using eosin Y-sensitized Pt-loaded nanotubes Na 2 Ti 2 O 4 (OH) 2 . The photocatalytic
activity of eosin Y-sensitized Pt-loaded is reported by Li et al. under visible light
irradiation with wavelength ≥ 420 nm. These nanotubes were synthesized by the
hydrothermal synthesis process whereas the eosin Y-sensitized NTS was synthesized
by the impregnation process. Pt nanoparticles were by impregnated in situ with
H 2 PtCl 6 by photodeposition process. The prepared catalysts were analyzed by TEM,
solid-state diffusion reflectance UV–vis spectrometer (UV–vis/DRS), and XRD. The
catalyst exhibited 14.97% quantum efficiency, 100 h stability (in 10 consecutive
rounds) [16].
In an investigation, a photocatalytic bi-crystalline mixture of two nanostructures
was used for the production of hydrogen from neat ethanol. For the preparation
of first set of nanostructures, nanotubes of sodium titanate were transformed into
nanotubes of monoclinic TiO 2 (B) by washing with HCl and then drying at 300 °C.
When the calcination temperature of prepared nanotubes was increased to 400 °C
these nanotubes start to change into anatase nanoparticles resulting in the formation
of bi-crystalline combination consisting of nanotubes of TiO 2 (B) and nanoparticles
of anatase. The prepared nanostructures were characterized with XRD and FE-SEM.
Scherrer equation was used to determine the principal particle size of the anatase
nanoparticles, which were assessed to be ~10 nm. When the bi-crystalline structures
were loaded with 1% Pt, their photocatalytic ability was improved drastically. They
generated 25% more H 2 by photocatalytic dehydrogenation in UV light as compared
to the reference P-25 TiO 2 . The promising efficiency of the bimetallic catalysts
can be attributed to the fact that the photocatalyst which consists of two phases
provides better separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, leading to the better
photocatalytic activity [17].
3.5 CO 2 Sequestration
Fossil decarbonization for the production of sustainable hydrogen always produces
oxides of the carbon relative to the amount of carbon present in the hydrocarbon.
The CO 2 is produced as the major oxides. This is one of the biggest disadvantages
of the fossil hydrocarbon decarbonization. Several solutions have been proposed for
the mitigation of the problem. Nanotechnology is also involved in many of these
solutions.
Li et al. have reported the simultaneous generation of H 2 and the carbon nanotubes
from the fossil decarbonization of ethanol over Fe/Al 2 O 3 catalyst. For the decarbonization of ethanol, fresh Fe/Al 2 O 3 catalyst was placed in quartz tube (at constant