384
Index
Indigo 266, 269, 274
– chemical synthesis 272
– electronic properties 272
– formula 272
– production of 269
– pure dye 271
– textile dying 271
– transistors 272
– white 270, 271
Indigofera tinctoria 269
Indol type 285
Indoxyl 270, 271
Industrial
– oleochemistry 45
– sugar 134
Inherent composite structure 330
Injection moulding 329
Inks 223
Insects 180, 188
Insulating material 146, 332
Insulin 259, 261, 263
– production 259
Intensive mixer 127
Intermediates 6, 38
Inulase 117
Inulin 117, 118, 138, 139
– hydrolysation of 117
Invertase 134, 117
Invert sugar 132, 134, 140
Iodine
– test 162
– value (IV) 24
Ion
– exchange 91, 92
– exchange resins 41
– exchangers 63, 98
Ionic liquids 213
Iron 55, 268
– oxide 57
Isatis tinctoria 266
Isler 297
Isoalloxacin ring 297
Isoborneol 225
Isobutene, reaction with glycerol 99
Isocumane 222
Isoelectric point 252
Isoleucine 253, 256
Isomalt, from isomaltulose 136
Isomaltulose 129
– from sucrose 136
– hydrogenation of 136
– hydrogenation to isomalt 136
– price 11
Isomenthol 226
Isomenthone 226
Isomerase 117
Isomerization 78, 129, 140, 227
Isomerizing
– alkoxycarbonylation 69
– hydroformylation 68
– metathesis 77
– methoxycarbonylation 82
Isoprene 220
– rule 236
Isoprenoids 220
Isopropanol 43
Isopulegol 224
Isoquinoline 286
Isoquinoline type 285
Isosorbide 124
Isostearic acids 70
Isotopes 325
Itaconic acid 120, 335
– from d-glucose 120
J
Jamaica rum 134
Jams 139
Jasmine 316, 318
Jatropha 29, 76
– curcas 29
– oil 29, 33
– seeds 29
– shrub 29
Jellies 139
Jesuit’s powder 284
Jicky® 313
Jojoba 73
– oil 30, 33
– oil, applications 30
– oil, metathesis of 73
Jute 79
– composition 144
K
Kaffee HAG 283
Kaffee Handels-Aktien-Gesellschaft 283
Kao 96
Kaolin 150
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
(KIT) 352
Karrer, Paul 297, 304
Kekulé, August 221
Keratin 261
Keratinisation 330
Keratins 256, 261, 263, 330, 338
Kermes 266
Ketalization 101
Ketals 100
Ketene 58
Ketogluconic acid 123
Ketohexonic acid 301
Ketohexoses 120
2-Keto-l-gulonic acid 302
Ketose 114
Ketotriose 114
Key oleochemical substance 73
Kidneys 297, 298
Kirchhoff, Constantin 116, 165
KIT, see Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Knowles, William S 258
Koch reaction 69
Kolbe, Hermann 279
Kolbe-Schmitt-synthesis 280
Kölnisch Wasser 312
Kosher glycerol 92
Kraft process 148
Kreütter Buch 278
Krill, chitin content 180
Kuhn, Richard 297
L
Lacquers 25, 72
– from linseed oil 27
– paints 223
Lacquer wool 154
Lactams 334
Lactase 130
Lactate 335
– buffers 52
Lactates 119, 335
Lactic acid 118, 139, 325, 329, 334, 348
– applications of 118
– by fermentation of carbohydrates 334
– esters of 119
– hydrogenation of 119
– occurence 335
– oligomers 335
– production of 118, 335
– reactions of 118
Lactide 118, 335
– ring-opening polymerization 334
Lactones 334
Lactose 117, 129
– intolerance 130
Landolphia owariensis 236
Lanosterol 288
– from squalene epoxide 289
Lapporte 83
Larch resins 274
Lard 318
Large-scale plants 45
l-Aspartic acid 259, 301
Latex 237, 240, 246
– centrifugation 240
– coagulation 241
– composition 240
– concentration 240
– conservation of 240
– evaporation 240
Laundry detergents 51
Laurel oil 223
Laurent, Auguste 286
Lauric acid 19, 21, 23
– monoethanolamide 52
Laurics 21, 23, 24, 51
– production 32
Lauryl alcohol 46, 55
Lavender oil 223
Laxative 28
Index
Indigo 266, 269, 274
– chemical synthesis 272
– electronic properties 272
– formula 272
– production of 269
– pure dye 271
– textile dying 271
– transistors 272
– white 270, 271
Indigofera tinctoria 269
Indol type 285
Indoxyl 270, 271
Industrial
– oleochemistry 45
– sugar 134
Inherent composite structure 330
Injection moulding 329
Inks 223
Insects 180, 188
Insulating material 146, 332
Insulin 259, 261, 263
– production 259
Intensive mixer 127
Intermediates 6, 38
Inulase 117
Inulin 117, 118, 138, 139
– hydrolysation of 117
Invertase 134, 117
Invert sugar 132, 134, 140
Iodine
– test 162
– value (IV) 24
Ion
– exchange 91, 92
– exchange resins 41
– exchangers 63, 98
Ionic liquids 213
Iron 55, 268
– oxide 57
Isatis tinctoria 266
Isler 297
Isoalloxacin ring 297
Isoborneol 225
Isobutene, reaction with glycerol 99
Isocumane 222
Isoelectric point 252
Isoleucine 253, 256
Isomalt, from isomaltulose 136
Isomaltulose 129
– from sucrose 136
– hydrogenation of 136
– hydrogenation to isomalt 136
– price 11
Isomenthol 226
Isomenthone 226
Isomerase 117
Isomerization 78, 129, 140, 227
Isomerizing
– alkoxycarbonylation 69
– hydroformylation 68
– metathesis 77
– methoxycarbonylation 82
Isoprene 220
– rule 236
Isoprenoids 220
Isopropanol 43
Isopulegol 224
Isoquinoline 286
Isoquinoline type 285
Isosorbide 124
Isostearic acids 70
Isotopes 325
Itaconic acid 120, 335
– from d-glucose 120
J
Jamaica rum 134
Jams 139
Jasmine 316, 318
Jatropha 29, 76
– curcas 29
– oil 29, 33
– seeds 29
– shrub 29
Jellies 139
Jesuit’s powder 284
Jicky® 313
Jojoba 73
– oil 30, 33
– oil, applications 30
– oil, metathesis of 73
Jute 79
– composition 144
K
Kaffee HAG 283
Kaffee Handels-Aktien-Gesellschaft 283
Kao 96
Kaolin 150
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
(KIT) 352
Karrer, Paul 297, 304
Kekulé, August 221
Keratin 261
Keratinisation 330
Keratins 256, 261, 263, 330, 338
Kermes 266
Ketalization 101
Ketals 100
Ketene 58
Ketogluconic acid 123
Ketohexonic acid 301
Ketohexoses 120
2-Keto-l-gulonic acid 302
Ketose 114
Ketotriose 114
Key oleochemical substance 73
Kidneys 297, 298
Kirchhoff, Constantin 116, 165
KIT, see Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Knowles, William S 258
Koch reaction 69
Kolbe, Hermann 279
Kolbe-Schmitt-synthesis 280
Kölnisch Wasser 312
Kosher glycerol 92
Kraft process 148
Kreütter Buch 278
Krill, chitin content 180
Kuhn, Richard 297
L
Lacquers 25, 72
– from linseed oil 27
– paints 223
Lacquer wool 154
Lactams 334
Lactase 130
Lactate 335
– buffers 52
Lactates 119, 335
Lactic acid 118, 139, 325, 329, 334, 348
– applications of 118
– by fermentation of carbohydrates 334
– esters of 119
– hydrogenation of 119
– occurence 335
– oligomers 335
– production of 118, 335
– reactions of 118
Lactide 118, 335
– ring-opening polymerization 334
Lactones 334
Lactose 117, 129
– intolerance 130
Landolphia owariensis 236
Lanosterol 288
– from squalene epoxide 289
Lapporte 83
Larch resins 274
Lard 318
Large-scale plants 45
l-Aspartic acid 259, 301
Latex 237, 240, 246
– centrifugation 240
– coagulation 241
– composition 240
– concentration 240
– conservation of 240
– evaporation 240
Laundry detergents 51
Laurel oil 223
Laurent, Auguste 286
Lauric acid 19, 21, 23
– monoethanolamide 52
Laurics 21, 23, 24, 51
– production 32
Lauryl alcohol 46, 55
Lavender oil 223
Laxative 28