382
Index
Gin tonic 284
Givaudan 313
Glass transition temperature 241, 246
Globular proteins 260, 263
Glucamides 129
Glucamines 129
Glucaric acid 123
Gluconic acid 123
Glucopyranose 115
Glucosamine 178
– medical purposes 182
Glucose 115, 116, 134, 139, 167, 192,
349
– amination of 129
– fermentation 335
– fermentative conversion 117, 119
– -fructose syrup 170
– history 116
– hydrogenation of 123
– oligomerization of 125
– oxidation of 124
– price 11
– production 117
– properties 117
– reaction with alcohols 125
– reaction with fatty alcohols 126
– ring formation 115
– syrups 169
Glucosides 125
Glucosinolates, in rapeseed oil 25
Glucosyltransferases 136
Glucuronic acid 123
Glues 150
Glue soap 43
Glutamate dehydrogenase 259
Glutamic acid 253, 256
– from d-glucose 120
Glutamine 253, 256
Gluten 166
Glutinum 256
Glyceraldehyde 104
Glyceric acid 104
Glycerol 38, 42, 89, 107, 114, 168, 336
– acetals and ketals 107
– acetates 100
– aldehyde 104, 114
– alkenyl ether 100
– alkyl ether 99
– applications 93
– as cellophane plasticizer 153
– as plasticizer 153, 168
– boiling point 90
– carbonate 97
– carbonate, application of 97
– carbonate polyesters 97
– carbonate, properties of 97
– concentration 91
– conversion with formaldehyde 101
– conversion with isobutene 99
– degrees of purity 92
– dehydration of 43, 102, 104
– distillation 91
– esters 94, 107
– ether 98, 107
– fermentation 335
– formal 101
– history 90
– in biobased polyesters 336
– ion exchange 91
– ketals 100
– kosher 92
– market data 93
– melting point 90
– monooctylether 100
– octadienyl ether 100, 107
– oligomers 98
– oxidation 104, 107
– polycarbonates 97
– polymers 99
– pre-cleaning 91
– prices 93
– production 93
– properties 90
– purification routes 91
– purification with ion
exchanger 91
– purification with rectification 91
– quality 92
– reaction with acetone 101
– reaction with formaldehyde 101
– refining 91
– reforming to synthesis gas 105
– sweetening power 93
– synthetic 92
– telomerization 100
– tertiary butyl ethers (GTBE) 99, 107
– traditional applications 94
– triesters 18
– use 90, 94
– water 90
Glycerolysis 96
Glyceryl nitrate, uses of 95
Glyceryl trinitrate 94, 95
Glycidol 93, 97, 99
Glycine 252, 253, 256
– max 26
– titration curve 252
Glycogen 138, 139, 259
Glycol 58, 337
– from bioethanol 337
Glycolic acid lactone 172
Glycosidation 125, 139
Gobley, N.-T. 317
Gooßen, L. 77
Goodyear, Charles Nelson 244
Graebe, Carl 269
Grapefruits 302
Grasse 206, 311
Grass-green biorefinery 348
Graying inhibitor 156
Grease 31
– composition 21
Green
– biorefinery 345, 348
– chemistry 8
– tea 281
– waste 349
Greenhouse
– effect 8
– gas 10
Grela 71
Gresik biorefinery 76
Growth
– disorders 303
– hormone 261
Grubbs catalysts, for metathesis 71
Grüssner, Andreas 301
GTBE, see glycerol tertiary butyl ethers
Guaiacol 317
Guar gum 117
Guayule bush 236
Guerbet
– acids 55
– alcohols 55, 59
– alcohols, applications 55
– alcohols, follow‐up reactions 56
– alcohols, production of 55
– esters 55
– Marcel 55
– reaction, catalysts 55
– reaction, of fatty alcohols 55
– reaction, mechanism 55
Guest molecule, stabilisation by cyclodextrins 194
Gum
– arabic 117
– turpentine 222
Gun cotton 154
Gutenberg, Johannes 278
Gutta-percha 236, 238, 246, 328
– structure 236
Gypsum 335
H
Haarmann, W. 313
Haarmann & Reimer 315
Haberlandt, Ludwig 290
Haemoglobin 259, 261, 263
Häflinger 284
Hair care
– products 298
– cleaning 52
– shampoo 52
– sprays 333
Half-life 325
Hancock, Thomas 243, 244
Hardening 83
Hard soaps 43
Hardwood 148, 202, 206
Hash 146
Hasskarl, Karl 284
Haworth projection 116
Index
Gin tonic 284
Givaudan 313
Glass transition temperature 241, 246
Globular proteins 260, 263
Glucamides 129
Glucamines 129
Glucaric acid 123
Gluconic acid 123
Glucopyranose 115
Glucosamine 178
– medical purposes 182
Glucose 115, 116, 134, 139, 167, 192,
349
– amination of 129
– fermentation 335
– fermentative conversion 117, 119
– -fructose syrup 170
– history 116
– hydrogenation of 123
– oligomerization of 125
– oxidation of 124
– price 11
– production 117
– properties 117
– reaction with alcohols 125
– reaction with fatty alcohols 126
– ring formation 115
– syrups 169
Glucosides 125
Glucosinolates, in rapeseed oil 25
Glucosyltransferases 136
Glucuronic acid 123
Glues 150
Glue soap 43
Glutamate dehydrogenase 259
Glutamic acid 253, 256
– from d-glucose 120
Glutamine 253, 256
Gluten 166
Glutinum 256
Glyceraldehyde 104
Glyceric acid 104
Glycerol 38, 42, 89, 107, 114, 168, 336
– acetals and ketals 107
– acetates 100
– aldehyde 104, 114
– alkenyl ether 100
– alkyl ether 99
– applications 93
– as cellophane plasticizer 153
– as plasticizer 153, 168
– boiling point 90
– carbonate 97
– carbonate, application of 97
– carbonate polyesters 97
– carbonate, properties of 97
– concentration 91
– conversion with formaldehyde 101
– conversion with isobutene 99
– degrees of purity 92
– dehydration of 43, 102, 104
– distillation 91
– esters 94, 107
– ether 98, 107
– fermentation 335
– formal 101
– history 90
– in biobased polyesters 336
– ion exchange 91
– ketals 100
– kosher 92
– market data 93
– melting point 90
– monooctylether 100
– octadienyl ether 100, 107
– oligomers 98
– oxidation 104, 107
– polycarbonates 97
– polymers 99
– pre-cleaning 91
– prices 93
– production 93
– properties 90
– purification routes 91
– purification with ion
exchanger 91
– purification with rectification 91
– quality 92
– reaction with acetone 101
– reaction with formaldehyde 101
– refining 91
– reforming to synthesis gas 105
– sweetening power 93
– synthetic 92
– telomerization 100
– tertiary butyl ethers (GTBE) 99, 107
– traditional applications 94
– triesters 18
– use 90, 94
– water 90
Glycerolysis 96
Glyceryl nitrate, uses of 95
Glyceryl trinitrate 94, 95
Glycidol 93, 97, 99
Glycine 252, 253, 256
– max 26
– titration curve 252
Glycogen 138, 139, 259
Glycol 58, 337
– from bioethanol 337
Glycolic acid lactone 172
Glycosidation 125, 139
Gobley, N.-T. 317
Gooßen, L. 77
Goodyear, Charles Nelson 244
Graebe, Carl 269
Grapefruits 302
Grasse 206, 311
Grass-green biorefinery 348
Graying inhibitor 156
Grease 31
– composition 21
Green
– biorefinery 345, 348
– chemistry 8
– tea 281
– waste 349
Greenhouse
– effect 8
– gas 10
Grela 71
Gresik biorefinery 76
Growth
– disorders 303
– hormone 261
Grubbs catalysts, for metathesis 71
Grüssner, Andreas 301
GTBE, see glycerol tertiary butyl ethers
Guaiacol 317
Guar gum 117
Guayule bush 236
Guerbet
– acids 55
– alcohols 55, 59
– alcohols, applications 55
– alcohols, follow‐up reactions 56
– alcohols, production of 55
– esters 55
– Marcel 55
– reaction, catalysts 55
– reaction, of fatty alcohols 55
– reaction, mechanism 55
Guest molecule, stabilisation by cyclodextrins 194
Gum
– arabic 117
– turpentine 222
Gun cotton 154
Gutenberg, Johannes 278
Gutta-percha 236, 238, 246, 328
– structure 236
Gypsum 335
H
Haarmann, W. 313
Haarmann & Reimer 315
Haberlandt, Ludwig 290
Haemoglobin 259, 261, 263
Häflinger 284
Hair care
– products 298
– cleaning 52
– shampoo 52
– sprays 333
Half-life 325
Hancock, Thomas 243, 244
Hardening 83
Hard soaps 43
Hardwood 148, 202, 206
Hash 146
Hasskarl, Karl 284
Haworth projection 116