373
A–A
Index
Index
A
Abietic acid 231, 233
Abscisic acid (ABA) 229
Acceptable daily intake 136
Acetals 100
Acetic acid 128, 171, 208, 209, 241
Acetic anhydride (AA) 57, 154, 280
Acetins 95
Acetobacter suboxydans 104, 302
Acetolysis 130
Acetone 101
Acetosolv process 209
Acetylation 154
Acetylsalicylic acid 280
– world production 281
Achard, Franz Carl 131
Acidic ion exchange resins 101
Acid number 24
Acne vulgaris 297
Acrolein 104, 107
– from glycerol 104
Acrylic acid 57, 104, 107, 120
– from glycerol 104
– from lactic acid 119
Acrylonitrile 75
Activated carbon 23, 283
Acyclic diene metathesis
(ADMET) 82
Acyclic monoterpenes 223, 232
Adams, Thomas 238
Additives 209, 244, 246
Adhesives 158, 223, 261
– for shoes 70
Adipic acid 121, 336
ADMET 82
Adrenal gland 301
Adsorption 41
AES, α-Ester sulfonates 85
Agar-agar 186, 189
Agaropectin 186
Agarose 186
Aimé Guerlain 313
Air dried sheets 241
Alanine 253, 254
Alcaligenes eutrophus 332
Alcell process 208
Alchemilla 267
Alcohols 23, 42, 105
Aldehydes 47, 69, 105, 313
Aldohexoses 120
Aldol condensation 55, 82
Aldose 114
Aldotriose 114
Aleuritic acid 333
Alfalfa 255, 304
– kernels 117
Alfol process 47
Algae 3, 177, 186, 289
– oils 76
– production 187
Alginates 184, 185
Alginic acid 184, 189
– chemical structure 185
Alizarin 266, 268, 274
– structure 269
– synthesis from anthracene 269
Alkali
– alcoholates 42
– carbonates 42
– catalysts 42
– cellulose 152
– hydroxides 42
– lignin 149
– properties 183
Alkaloids 28, 273, 285, 292
– basic structures 285
1-Alkenes 47
Alkenes, asymmetric 75
Alkoxycarbonylation 69, 73, 82
Alkyd resins 93
– with sucrose 137
Alkyl polyglucosides (APG) 52, 55, 59,
125, 139
– applications 125, 128
– basic flowdiagram 127
– direct synthesis 126
– flow diagram 128
– preparation 127
– production flow diagram 128
– production plants 128
– properties 128
– via trans-acetalization 126
Alkyl polyglycol ethers 50
All-trans-retinol 233
Allyl alcohol 93
Allyl chloride 75, 93
Almonds 297
α- and β-Pinene 222, 223, 232
α-Chitin 179
α-Chloro fatty acid 62
α-Cyclodextrin 192
α-d-Fructofuranose 116
α-d-Glucopyranose 115
α-Ester Sulfonates (AES) 63
α-Farnesene 228
α-l Guluronic acid 184
α-Keratin 260
α-Phellandrene 226
α-Pinene 222, 223, 225, 227, 232
α,ω Diester 72, 73
α,ω-Unsaturated ester 75
α-Terpinene 225
α-Tocopherol 303
– acetate 304
Aluminum 268
– oxide 57
Ambergris 316
Ambrox 315
– production 316
– synthesis 316
Ambroxan 316
Amflora potato 165
Amination 45, 73, 139
– of monosaccharides 129
Amine oxides 57
Amines 69, 295
Amino acids 251, 348
– by protein hydrolysis 258
– chemical syntheses 258
– classification 253
– elemental composition 11
– essential 253
– manufacturing methods 258
– non-proteinogenic 253, 258
– proteinogenic 252
– via fermentation 258
Amino alcohols 63
Aminocarboxylic acids 334, 336
Aminocinnamic acid 258
Aminodecanoic acid 74
ω-Aminododecanoic acid 82
Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) 122
Amino-substituted fatty acids 62
11-Aminoundecanoic acid 336
ω-Aminoundecanoic acid 82
Ammonia 56, 69
– production 105
Ammonium
– chloride 52
– compounds 56
– sulfate 52
Amphoteric 192
– surfactants 57
Amylases 130, 164, 193
Amyl corn 163, 165
Amylopectin 162, 175
– molecular weight 162
Amylose 162, 175, 193
– enzymatic degradation 193
– helical structure 163
– molecular weight 162
Amylum 162
Amyris 228
AN 24
Anabasine 285
Anabolic effect 290
Analgesics 278
Androgens 290
Angelic acid 220
Angelica lactone 122
Anhydrogalactose 186
Aniline 273
A–A
Index
Index
A
Abietic acid 231, 233
Abscisic acid (ABA) 229
Acceptable daily intake 136
Acetals 100
Acetic acid 128, 171, 208, 209, 241
Acetic anhydride (AA) 57, 154, 280
Acetins 95
Acetobacter suboxydans 104, 302
Acetolysis 130
Acetone 101
Acetosolv process 209
Acetylation 154
Acetylsalicylic acid 280
– world production 281
Achard, Franz Carl 131
Acidic ion exchange resins 101
Acid number 24
Acne vulgaris 297
Acrolein 104, 107
– from glycerol 104
Acrylic acid 57, 104, 107, 120
– from glycerol 104
– from lactic acid 119
Acrylonitrile 75
Activated carbon 23, 283
Acyclic diene metathesis
(ADMET) 82
Acyclic monoterpenes 223, 232
Adams, Thomas 238
Additives 209, 244, 246
Adhesives 158, 223, 261
– for shoes 70
Adipic acid 121, 336
ADMET 82
Adrenal gland 301
Adsorption 41
AES, α-Ester sulfonates 85
Agar-agar 186, 189
Agaropectin 186
Agarose 186
Aimé Guerlain 313
Air dried sheets 241
Alanine 253, 254
Alcaligenes eutrophus 332
Alcell process 208
Alchemilla 267
Alcohols 23, 42, 105
Aldehydes 47, 69, 105, 313
Aldohexoses 120
Aldol condensation 55, 82
Aldose 114
Aldotriose 114
Aleuritic acid 333
Alfalfa 255, 304
– kernels 117
Alfol process 47
Algae 3, 177, 186, 289
– oils 76
– production 187
Alginates 184, 185
Alginic acid 184, 189
– chemical structure 185
Alizarin 266, 268, 274
– structure 269
– synthesis from anthracene 269
Alkali
– alcoholates 42
– carbonates 42
– catalysts 42
– cellulose 152
– hydroxides 42
– lignin 149
– properties 183
Alkaloids 28, 273, 285, 292
– basic structures 285
1-Alkenes 47
Alkenes, asymmetric 75
Alkoxycarbonylation 69, 73, 82
Alkyd resins 93
– with sucrose 137
Alkyl polyglucosides (APG) 52, 55, 59,
125, 139
– applications 125, 128
– basic flowdiagram 127
– direct synthesis 126
– flow diagram 128
– preparation 127
– production flow diagram 128
– production plants 128
– properties 128
– via trans-acetalization 126
Alkyl polyglycol ethers 50
All-trans-retinol 233
Allyl alcohol 93
Allyl chloride 75, 93
Almonds 297
α- and β-Pinene 222, 223, 232
α-Chitin 179
α-Chloro fatty acid 62
α-Cyclodextrin 192
α-d-Fructofuranose 116
α-d-Glucopyranose 115
α-Ester Sulfonates (AES) 63
α-Farnesene 228
α-l Guluronic acid 184
α-Keratin 260
α-Phellandrene 226
α-Pinene 222, 223, 225, 227, 232
α,ω Diester 72, 73
α,ω-Unsaturated ester 75
α-Terpinene 225
α-Tocopherol 303
– acetate 304
Aluminum 268
– oxide 57
Ambergris 316
Ambrox 315
– production 316
– synthesis 316
Ambroxan 316
Amflora potato 165
Amination 45, 73, 139
– of monosaccharides 129
Amine oxides 57
Amines 69, 295
Amino acids 251, 348
– by protein hydrolysis 258
– chemical syntheses 258
– classification 253
– elemental composition 11
– essential 253
– manufacturing methods 258
– non-proteinogenic 253, 258
– proteinogenic 252
– via fermentation 258
Amino alcohols 63
Aminocarboxylic acids 334, 336
Aminocinnamic acid 258
Aminodecanoic acid 74
ω-Aminododecanoic acid 82
Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) 122
Amino-substituted fatty acids 62
11-Aminoundecanoic acid 336
ω-Aminoundecanoic acid 82
Ammonia 56, 69
– production 105
Ammonium
– chloride 52
– compounds 56
– sulfate 52
Amphoteric 192
– surfactants 57
Amylases 130, 164, 193
Amyl corn 163, 165
Amylopectin 162, 175
– molecular weight 162
Amylose 162, 175, 193
– enzymatic degradation 193
– helical structure 163
– molecular weight 162
Amylum 162
Amyris 228
AN 24
Anabasine 285
Anabolic effect 290
Analgesics 278
Androgens 290
Angelic acid 220
Angelica lactone 122
Anhydrogalactose 186
Aniline 273