321
18
18.3 · Extraction of Essential Oils
7. Name typical solvents for the extraction
of plant components for the production
of essential oils!
8. What is enfleurage à chaud?
9. Explain the importance of a Florentine
bottle for steam distillation!
10. What is the most gentle method for
obtaining precious essential oils, for
example from jasmine blossoms, and
why?
References
Monographs and Review Articles
Edwards M (2019) Fragrances of the world, 33 ed.
7 https://www.fragrancesoftheworld.com/
Frings S, Müller F (2019) Biologie der Sinne: Vom Molekül
zur Wahrnehmung, 2nd edn. Springer
Turin L, Sanchez T (2018) Perfumes: the guide.
Perfüümista ÖÜ
Shahi AK (2018) Practical work book for essential oil bearing crops. Agrobios/India
Ellena J-C, Heckendorf R (2016) Parfum: Ein Führer durch
die Welt der Düfte, 2nd ed. C.H. Beck Verlag
Surburg H, Panten J (2016) Common fragrances and flavor materials, 6th ed. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.
KGaA, Weinheim
Panten J, Surburg H (2015) Flavors and fragrances, 1. bis
4. In: Ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry.
Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Legrum W (2015) Riechstoffe, zwischen Gestank und Duft.
Springer Spektrum, Wiesbaden
Hegmann HJ (2015) Parfums – Kostbarkeiten für die
Sinne. Aurum in J. Kamphausen Mediengruppe,
Bielefeld
Schäfer B (2014) Natural products in the chemical industry. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (Chapter 3: Flavours
and Fragrances)
Mann
H
(2014)
Die
moderne
Parfümerie.
Fachbuchverlag-Dresden
Sell CS (2014) Chemistry and the sense of smell.
Wiley-VCH, Oxford
Board N (2011) The complete technology book of essential oils. Asia Pacific Business Press (Reprint 2011)
Ohloff G, Pickenhagen W, Kraft P (2011) Scent and chemistry - the molecular world of Odors. Wiley-VCH,
Oxford
Hatt H, Dee R (2008) Das Maiglöckchen-Phänomen. Piper,
München, Zürich
Reinecke G, Pilatus C (2006) Parfum - Lexikon der Düfte.
KOMET, Rodenkirchen
Originalstellen
Frister T, Beutel S (2015) Moschusduft und Patchouliöl.
Chem unserer Zeit 49:294–301
Schäfer B (2011) Ambrox©. Chem unserer Zeit 45:374–388
5 Essential oils are obtained from plant
parts and contain all the olfactory
components responsible for the
characteristic scent of the plant. Thus,
they can be regarded as renewable raw
materials.
5 Essential oils from citrus fruits are
preferably obtained by cold pressing
the outer part of the peel. With this very
gentle method, the aroma components
remain intact.
5 By extraction with organic solvents
or supercritical CO 2 , essential oils can
also be gently extracted from plant
components that contain only a small
proportion of the fragrance components,
such as petals.
5 A special form of extraction is enfleurage.
The fragrance components are extracted
from the petals with odorless fat. This
particularly gentle, but complex method
delivers products of very good quality,
but high price.
5 In terms of quantity, the most important
process for obtaining essential oils
is steam distillation. In this process,
hot steam flows through the plant
components: The volatile fragrance
components are transported together
with the steam to a condenser, where they
separate from the condensed water in a
receiver and can be obtained in this way.
? Ten Quickies
1. Differentiate fragrances from flavors, and
name three typical areas of application!
2. Name two typical essential oils, which are
used in perfumes on the one hand and in
food on the other!
3. You want to use vanillin biotechnologically produced from Eugenol in food:
What may/must they specify on the
packaging?
4. What does the term “nature-identical”
mean in relation to vanilla taste?
5. Indicate approximately the proportion
of synthetic fragrances and flavorings
compared to natural ones!
6. Which citrus oil is obtained both by
pressing and by steam distillation? What
is the difference?
18
18.3 · Extraction of Essential Oils
7. Name typical solvents for the extraction
of plant components for the production
of essential oils!
8. What is enfleurage à chaud?
9. Explain the importance of a Florentine
bottle for steam distillation!
10. What is the most gentle method for
obtaining precious essential oils, for
example from jasmine blossoms, and
why?
References
Monographs and Review Articles
Edwards M (2019) Fragrances of the world, 33 ed.
7 https://www.fragrancesoftheworld.com/
Frings S, Müller F (2019) Biologie der Sinne: Vom Molekül
zur Wahrnehmung, 2nd edn. Springer
Turin L, Sanchez T (2018) Perfumes: the guide.
Perfüümista ÖÜ
Shahi AK (2018) Practical work book for essential oil bearing crops. Agrobios/India
Ellena J-C, Heckendorf R (2016) Parfum: Ein Führer durch
die Welt der Düfte, 2nd ed. C.H. Beck Verlag
Surburg H, Panten J (2016) Common fragrances and flavor materials, 6th ed. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.
KGaA, Weinheim
Panten J, Surburg H (2015) Flavors and fragrances, 1. bis
4. In: Ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry.
Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Legrum W (2015) Riechstoffe, zwischen Gestank und Duft.
Springer Spektrum, Wiesbaden
Hegmann HJ (2015) Parfums – Kostbarkeiten für die
Sinne. Aurum in J. Kamphausen Mediengruppe,
Bielefeld
Schäfer B (2014) Natural products in the chemical industry. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (Chapter 3: Flavours
and Fragrances)
Mann
H
(2014)
Die
moderne
Parfümerie.
Fachbuchverlag-Dresden
Sell CS (2014) Chemistry and the sense of smell.
Wiley-VCH, Oxford
Board N (2011) The complete technology book of essential oils. Asia Pacific Business Press (Reprint 2011)
Ohloff G, Pickenhagen W, Kraft P (2011) Scent and chemistry - the molecular world of Odors. Wiley-VCH,
Oxford
Hatt H, Dee R (2008) Das Maiglöckchen-Phänomen. Piper,
München, Zürich
Reinecke G, Pilatus C (2006) Parfum - Lexikon der Düfte.
KOMET, Rodenkirchen
Originalstellen
Frister T, Beutel S (2015) Moschusduft und Patchouliöl.
Chem unserer Zeit 49:294–301
Schäfer B (2011) Ambrox©. Chem unserer Zeit 45:374–388
5 Essential oils are obtained from plant
parts and contain all the olfactory
components responsible for the
characteristic scent of the plant. Thus,
they can be regarded as renewable raw
materials.
5 Essential oils from citrus fruits are
preferably obtained by cold pressing
the outer part of the peel. With this very
gentle method, the aroma components
remain intact.
5 By extraction with organic solvents
or supercritical CO 2 , essential oils can
also be gently extracted from plant
components that contain only a small
proportion of the fragrance components,
such as petals.
5 A special form of extraction is enfleurage.
The fragrance components are extracted
from the petals with odorless fat. This
particularly gentle, but complex method
delivers products of very good quality,
but high price.
5 In terms of quantity, the most important
process for obtaining essential oils
is steam distillation. In this process,
hot steam flows through the plant
components: The volatile fragrance
components are transported together
with the steam to a condenser, where they
separate from the condensed water in a
receiver and can be obtained in this way.
? Ten Quickies
1. Differentiate fragrances from flavors, and
name three typical areas of application!
2. Name two typical essential oils, which are
used in perfumes on the one hand and in
food on the other!
3. You want to use vanillin biotechnologically produced from Eugenol in food:
What may/must they specify on the
packaging?
4. What does the term “nature-identical”
mean in relation to vanilla taste?
5. Indicate approximately the proportion
of synthetic fragrances and flavorings
compared to natural ones!
6. Which citrus oil is obtained both by
pressing and by steam distillation? What
is the difference?