275
15
Prinz E (2014) Färberpflanzen, 2nd ed. Schweizerbart Verlag, Stuttgart
Kirby J, van Bommel M, Verhecken A (eds) (2014) Natural
colorants for dyeing and lake pigments. Archetype
Books
Legrand C (2013) Indigo: the color that changed the
world. Thames & Hudson
Kaiser-Alexnat R (2012) Farbstoffe aus der Natur - Eine
Übersicht mit Rückblick und Perspektiven, epubli
GmbH, Berlin
Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe (Hrsg) (2010)
Naturfarben - Oberflächenbeschichtungen aus
nachwachsenden Rohstoffen, Mediacologne Hürth
Sabnis RW (2010) Handbook of biological dyes and stains.
Wiley, Hoboken
Schäfer B (2007) Naturstoffe der chemischen Industrie,
Spektrum - Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg (Chapter 2: Farbstoffe)
Buxbaum G, Pfaff G (eds) (2005) Industrial inorganic pigments, 3rd ed. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Herbst W, Hunger K (2004) Industrial organic pigments - production properties applications, 3rd ed.
Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Cannon JFM, Cannon MJ (2003) Dye plants and dyeing.
Timber Press, Portland
Edmonds J (2000) The mystery of imperial purple dye. Little Chalfont
Waskow F, Meyer U (1998) Farbstoffe. In: Katalyse eV (ed)
Leitfaden Nachwachsende Rohstoffe - Anbau - Verarbeitung - Produkte. Hüthig Verlag (Chapter 12)
Balfour-Paul J (1998) Indigo. British Museum Press, London
Schweppe H (1993) Handbuch der Naturfarbstoffe -
Vorkommen, Verwendung, Nachweis, ecomed Verlag,
Landsberg-Lech
Roth L, Kormann K, Schweppe H (1992) Färbepflanzen
Pflanzenfarben, ecomed Verlag, Landsberg-Lech
Stulz H (1990) Die Farbe Purpur im frühen Griechentum.
Teubner Verlag, Stuttgart
Original Papers
Institut für Färbeflanzen, Dr. R. Kaiser-Alexnat, Michelstadt, 7 http://www.dyeplants.de/
Schulze F, Titus J, Mettke P, Berger S, Siehl H-U, Zeller K-P,
Sicker D (2013) Das Rot aus Cochenilleläusen. Chem
Unserer Zeit 47:222–228
Kaiser-Alexnat R (2008) Indigo - Der König der Farbstoffe.
Südostasien Magazin 3:110–121
Abelshauser W (ed) (2002) Die BASF - Eine Unternehmensgeschichte. C. H. Beck-Verlag, München
Melzer RR, Brandhuber P, Zimmermann T, Smola U (2001)
Farben aus dem Meer: Der Purpur. Biol Unserer Zeit
31:30–39
Schmidt H (1997) Indigo - der König der Farbstoffe wird
100. Melliand Textilberichte 6
Schmidt H (1997) Indigo - 100 Jahre industrielle Synthese.
Chem Unserer Zeit 3:121–128
Today, indigo is produced from aniline in
a four-stage synthesis.
5 Many other plant dyes are known, e.g.
from the substance classes of flavones
and flavonoids, anthraquinones and
corticoids. They are supplemented by
the extensive group of inorganic color
pigments. These include, for example,
the earth colors umbra, ochre and terra di
sienna, as well as chalk and silicic acid.
? Ten Quickies
1. Name at least three natural organic dyes
that have been known for a long time!
2. In what century have they gradually been
replaced by synthetic dyes? From which
carbon source were these synthetic dyes
first produced?
3. Describe the historical production of Tyrian
purple and its application to textiles! How
is this form of dyeing called? What is the
chemical structure of Tyrian purple?
4. Which region does the madder plant
come from and how did it spread?
5. What is the chemical structure of alizarin?
How can it be synthesized? How does it
adhere to the fiber?
6. From what plant is indigo obtained?
Describe how this dye is produced!
7. Name a product that is still dyed with
indigo on a large scale today?
8. How was “genuine Indian yellow”
produced in the past?
9. Name other dye classes besides the
indigo and anthraquinone dyes!
10. List some mineral color pigments!
References
Monographs and Review Articles
Finlay V (2018) Colours: die Geschichte der Farben, 2nd
ed. Konrad Theiss-Verlag
Ebner F, Hasenöhrl R (2016) Natürlich färben mit Pflanzen,
Stocker-Verlag
Schäfer B (2014) Natural products in the chemical industry, chapter: colourants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
15.5 · Other Natural Dyes
15
Prinz E (2014) Färberpflanzen, 2nd ed. Schweizerbart Verlag, Stuttgart
Kirby J, van Bommel M, Verhecken A (eds) (2014) Natural
colorants for dyeing and lake pigments. Archetype
Books
Legrand C (2013) Indigo: the color that changed the
world. Thames & Hudson
Kaiser-Alexnat R (2012) Farbstoffe aus der Natur - Eine
Übersicht mit Rückblick und Perspektiven, epubli
GmbH, Berlin
Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe (Hrsg) (2010)
Naturfarben - Oberflächenbeschichtungen aus
nachwachsenden Rohstoffen, Mediacologne Hürth
Sabnis RW (2010) Handbook of biological dyes and stains.
Wiley, Hoboken
Schäfer B (2007) Naturstoffe der chemischen Industrie,
Spektrum - Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg (Chapter 2: Farbstoffe)
Buxbaum G, Pfaff G (eds) (2005) Industrial inorganic pigments, 3rd ed. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Herbst W, Hunger K (2004) Industrial organic pigments - production properties applications, 3rd ed.
Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Cannon JFM, Cannon MJ (2003) Dye plants and dyeing.
Timber Press, Portland
Edmonds J (2000) The mystery of imperial purple dye. Little Chalfont
Waskow F, Meyer U (1998) Farbstoffe. In: Katalyse eV (ed)
Leitfaden Nachwachsende Rohstoffe - Anbau - Verarbeitung - Produkte. Hüthig Verlag (Chapter 12)
Balfour-Paul J (1998) Indigo. British Museum Press, London
Schweppe H (1993) Handbuch der Naturfarbstoffe -
Vorkommen, Verwendung, Nachweis, ecomed Verlag,
Landsberg-Lech
Roth L, Kormann K, Schweppe H (1992) Färbepflanzen
Pflanzenfarben, ecomed Verlag, Landsberg-Lech
Stulz H (1990) Die Farbe Purpur im frühen Griechentum.
Teubner Verlag, Stuttgart
Original Papers
Institut für Färbeflanzen, Dr. R. Kaiser-Alexnat, Michelstadt, 7 http://www.dyeplants.de/
Schulze F, Titus J, Mettke P, Berger S, Siehl H-U, Zeller K-P,
Sicker D (2013) Das Rot aus Cochenilleläusen. Chem
Unserer Zeit 47:222–228
Kaiser-Alexnat R (2008) Indigo - Der König der Farbstoffe.
Südostasien Magazin 3:110–121
Abelshauser W (ed) (2002) Die BASF - Eine Unternehmensgeschichte. C. H. Beck-Verlag, München
Melzer RR, Brandhuber P, Zimmermann T, Smola U (2001)
Farben aus dem Meer: Der Purpur. Biol Unserer Zeit
31:30–39
Schmidt H (1997) Indigo - der König der Farbstoffe wird
100. Melliand Textilberichte 6
Schmidt H (1997) Indigo - 100 Jahre industrielle Synthese.
Chem Unserer Zeit 3:121–128
Today, indigo is produced from aniline in
a four-stage synthesis.
5 Many other plant dyes are known, e.g.
from the substance classes of flavones
and flavonoids, anthraquinones and
corticoids. They are supplemented by
the extensive group of inorganic color
pigments. These include, for example,
the earth colors umbra, ochre and terra di
sienna, as well as chalk and silicic acid.
? Ten Quickies
1. Name at least three natural organic dyes
that have been known for a long time!
2. In what century have they gradually been
replaced by synthetic dyes? From which
carbon source were these synthetic dyes
first produced?
3. Describe the historical production of Tyrian
purple and its application to textiles! How
is this form of dyeing called? What is the
chemical structure of Tyrian purple?
4. Which region does the madder plant
come from and how did it spread?
5. What is the chemical structure of alizarin?
How can it be synthesized? How does it
adhere to the fiber?
6. From what plant is indigo obtained?
Describe how this dye is produced!
7. Name a product that is still dyed with
indigo on a large scale today?
8. How was “genuine Indian yellow”
produced in the past?
9. Name other dye classes besides the
indigo and anthraquinone dyes!
10. List some mineral color pigments!
References
Monographs and Review Articles
Finlay V (2018) Colours: die Geschichte der Farben, 2nd
ed. Konrad Theiss-Verlag
Ebner F, Hasenöhrl R (2016) Natürlich färben mit Pflanzen,
Stocker-Verlag
Schäfer B (2014) Natural products in the chemical industry, chapter: colourants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
15.5 · Other Natural Dyes