138
Chapter 6 · Sweet Chemistry - Mono- and Disaccharides
6
5 In cellulose, glucose units are linked via a
β-(1,4)-glycosidic bond with each other. It is
a component of the cell wall in many plants
(7 Chap. 7).
5 Starch contains glucose units which are
linked via an α-(1,4) glycosidic bond, but
partly also via an α-(1,6) glycosidic bond. It
eral, the oligosaccharides become increasingly
tasteless as the chain length increases.
In the following 7 Chaps. 7 to 10, the most
important polysaccharides will be presented
separately. In order to give a preliminary overview of the diversity, but also of the structural
differences, important polysaccharides have been
compiled and compared in . Fig. 6.27:
O
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OH
OH
O
n
O
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OH
OH
O n
Cellulose
-1,4-glycosidic bond
Starch
-1,4-glycosidic bond
n= approximately 30, then a
-1,6-glycosidic bond
O
HO
NHAc
OH
O
O
O
HO
NHAc
OH
n
O
HO
NH 2
OH
O
O
O
HO
NH 2
OH
n
Chitin
-1,4-glycosidic bond
Chitosan
-1,4-glycosidic bond
O
HO
OH
OH
O n
O
HO
OH
COOH
O
O
O
HO
OH
COOH
n
Glycogen
-1,4-glycosidic bond
n= approximately 10, then a
-1,6-glycosidic bond
Pectin
-1,4-glycosidic bond
of galacturonic acid
O
HO
OH
OH
HO
O
O
HO
HO
HO
O
HO
OH
HO
OH
n
Inulin
n= up to 100
O
HO
OH
HOH 2 C
O
O
HO
HO
CH 2 OH
O
O
HO
HO
CH 2 OH
O
O
OH
HO
CH 2 OH
O
O
OH
OH
HOH 2 C
O
O
OH
OH
HOH 2 C
O
Cyclodextrines
(n= 1-3)
n
O
β
β
β
α
α
α
α
α
. Fig. 6.27 Overview of important polysaccharides