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P. Senthil Kumar and S. Suganya
Table 4 Properties and test
results of recycled polyester
Type
Properties
Result
Recycled polyester
Specific gravity
1.22
Moisture content (%)
0.4
Tensile strength
(N/mm 2 )
200–400
Tensile modulus (GPa) 12.43 ± 2.23
Length (mm)
20
Diameter (μm)
25–30
Aspect ratio
230–300
Colour
Colourless
Shape
Straight
Shrinkage limit (%)
18
Density (g.cm −3 )
1.33
Maximum dry density
(kN/m 3 )
17–18
Water absorption (%)
3.3
Vitreous temperature
(°C)
62
Fusion temperature
(°C)
252.8
(PSS). Natural capitalism via circular economy is welcome by many nations. Innovation in technical and organizational sustainable business model have to be brought up.
The gap between research and social training in the focussed area, also hence restricts
the practical implementation. Sustainability benefits are possible while combining
several approaches.
4.2 Open and Closed-Loop Recycling
Collection and reprocessing are the two stages involved in recycling. The collected
waste from various sources at various points are included in the supply chain. The
waste reprocessing might be done either by an open or closed-loop system [26]. In an
open-loop system, an indefinite time of recycling is not recommended. Henceforth,
exclusion from the utilization loop is possible either reroute to landfill. The facts
behind are
(1) Raw material degradation
(2) Non-recyclable product.
In a closed-loop system, it is vice versa that an indefinite recycling takes place
without degradation. Though the used product is capable of producing another or
same i.e. biodegradable materials.
P. Senthil Kumar and S. Suganya
Table 4 Properties and test
results of recycled polyester
Type
Properties
Result
Recycled polyester
Specific gravity
1.22
Moisture content (%)
0.4
Tensile strength
(N/mm 2 )
200–400
Tensile modulus (GPa) 12.43 ± 2.23
Length (mm)
20
Diameter (μm)
25–30
Aspect ratio
230–300
Colour
Colourless
Shape
Straight
Shrinkage limit (%)
18
Density (g.cm −3 )
1.33
Maximum dry density
(kN/m 3 )
17–18
Water absorption (%)
3.3
Vitreous temperature
(°C)
62
Fusion temperature
(°C)
252.8
(PSS). Natural capitalism via circular economy is welcome by many nations. Innovation in technical and organizational sustainable business model have to be brought up.
The gap between research and social training in the focussed area, also hence restricts
the practical implementation. Sustainability benefits are possible while combining
several approaches.
4.2 Open and Closed-Loop Recycling
Collection and reprocessing are the two stages involved in recycling. The collected
waste from various sources at various points are included in the supply chain. The
waste reprocessing might be done either by an open or closed-loop system [26]. In an
open-loop system, an indefinite time of recycling is not recommended. Henceforth,
exclusion from the utilization loop is possible either reroute to landfill. The facts
behind are
(1) Raw material degradation
(2) Non-recyclable product.
In a closed-loop system, it is vice versa that an indefinite recycling takes place
without degradation. Though the used product is capable of producing another or
same i.e. biodegradable materials.