582
E. Manirafasha et al.
in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries for two main purposes: the first target
as a natural and nontoxic colorant, and second target as a therapeutic agent. Phycocyanin (PC) has the most application in the above-mentioned industries. PC to be
used in the pharmaceutical industry should have high quality with purity ratio at
least 4.0, this remark indicates that the PBPs efficiency also depends on the applied
production processing (Dejsungkranont et al. 2017).
The PC is commercialized and consumed in a different form, particularly as
powder, capsules, and tablets. In some cases, the PBPs are used to fortify other
foodstuffs such as biscuits, bread, pasta, dairy products, bioactive drinks, among
others. The recent scientific reports have proven that phycobiliproteins, especially
PC, can be taken for therapeutic effects including antioxidant (Renugadevi et al.
2018), improvement of immune system functions, anticancer effect (Ravi et al. 2015;
Jiang et al. 2018), anti-inflammatory effect (Romay et al. 2003), antimicrobial effect,
different organs (liver, kidney) protection (Niu et al. 2017),
Therefore, PBPs are natural phytochemical compounds with potent pharmacological properties with chronic diseases-protective activities that can be used in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Even though the PBPs exhibit a prominent
health promotion, there are still some challenges such as their availability and affordability (García et al. 2017). The main challenges are also associated with technology
for the production of high-efficiency natural nutraceutical compounds. For example,
the stability of PBPs in aqueous solution is still questionable due to their interaction
with the light and denaturation by high temperature at various pH values.
23.5 Conclusion
It is inevitable to pay attention to nutraceutical and pharmaceutical agents from
microalgal resources. The microalgal resources can produce a broad range of bioactive compounds with health benefits within a short time, without interfere with the
conventional food crops. Furthermore, microalgal resources production does not
destroy the environment and ecosystem but they participate bioremediation.
References
Abdel-Raouf, N., Al-Homaidan, A. A,. & Ibraheem, I. B. M. (2012). Microalgae and wastewater
treatment. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 19, 257–275.
Ahsanuddin, S. L. M. B. E. D. (2016). Skin aging and oxidative stress. AIMS Molecular Science,
3, 187–195.
Anthony, A. R. (2009). Preventing diet induced disease: Bioavailable nutrient-rich, low-energydense diets. Nutrition and Health, 20, 135–166.
Bezner, J. R. (2015). Promoting health and wellness: Implications for physical therapist practice.
Physical Therapy, 95, 1433–1444.
E. Manirafasha et al.
in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries for two main purposes: the first target
as a natural and nontoxic colorant, and second target as a therapeutic agent. Phycocyanin (PC) has the most application in the above-mentioned industries. PC to be
used in the pharmaceutical industry should have high quality with purity ratio at
least 4.0, this remark indicates that the PBPs efficiency also depends on the applied
production processing (Dejsungkranont et al. 2017).
The PC is commercialized and consumed in a different form, particularly as
powder, capsules, and tablets. In some cases, the PBPs are used to fortify other
foodstuffs such as biscuits, bread, pasta, dairy products, bioactive drinks, among
others. The recent scientific reports have proven that phycobiliproteins, especially
PC, can be taken for therapeutic effects including antioxidant (Renugadevi et al.
2018), improvement of immune system functions, anticancer effect (Ravi et al. 2015;
Jiang et al. 2018), anti-inflammatory effect (Romay et al. 2003), antimicrobial effect,
different organs (liver, kidney) protection (Niu et al. 2017),
Therefore, PBPs are natural phytochemical compounds with potent pharmacological properties with chronic diseases-protective activities that can be used in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Even though the PBPs exhibit a prominent
health promotion, there are still some challenges such as their availability and affordability (García et al. 2017). The main challenges are also associated with technology
for the production of high-efficiency natural nutraceutical compounds. For example,
the stability of PBPs in aqueous solution is still questionable due to their interaction
with the light and denaturation by high temperature at various pH values.
23.5 Conclusion
It is inevitable to pay attention to nutraceutical and pharmaceutical agents from
microalgal resources. The microalgal resources can produce a broad range of bioactive compounds with health benefits within a short time, without interfere with the
conventional food crops. Furthermore, microalgal resources production does not
destroy the environment and ecosystem but they participate bioremediation.
References
Abdel-Raouf, N., Al-Homaidan, A. A,. & Ibraheem, I. B. M. (2012). Microalgae and wastewater
treatment. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 19, 257–275.
Ahsanuddin, S. L. M. B. E. D. (2016). Skin aging and oxidative stress. AIMS Molecular Science,
3, 187–195.
Anthony, A. R. (2009). Preventing diet induced disease: Bioavailable nutrient-rich, low-energydense diets. Nutrition and Health, 20, 135–166.
Bezner, J. R. (2015). Promoting health and wellness: Implications for physical therapist practice.
Physical Therapy, 95, 1433–1444.