21 Carotenoids as Anti-obesity Supplements
553
Germain, P., Chambon, P., Eichele, G., Evans, R. M., Lazar, M. A., Leid, M., et al. (2006b).
International Union of Pharmacology. LX. Retinoic acid receptors. Pharmacological Reviews,
58(4), 712–725.
Gouranton, E., Yazidi, C. E., Cardinault, N., Amiot, M. J., Borel, P., & Landrier, J. F. (2008).
Purified low-density lipoprotein and bovine serum albumin efficiency to internalise lycopene
into adipocytes. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(12), 3832–3836.
Gouranton, E., Aydemir, G., Reynaud, E., Marcotorchino, J., Malezet, C., Caris-Veyrat, C., et al.
(2011a). Apo- 10 -lycopenoic acid impacts adipose tissue biology via the retinoic acid receptors.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1811(12), 1105–1114.
Gouranton, E., Thabuis, C., Riollet, C., Malezet-Desmoulins, C., El Yazidi, C., Amiot, M. J.,
et al. (2011b). Lycopene inhibits proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression in adipose
tissue. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 22(7), 642–648.
Grasa-Lopez, A., Miliar-Garcia, A., Quevedo-Corona, L., Paniagua-Castro, N., Escalona-Cardoso,
G., Reyes-Maldonado, E., et al. (2016). Undaria pinnatifida and Fucoxanthin ameliorate lipogenesis and markers of both inflammation and cardiovascular dysfunction in an animal model of
diet-induced obesity. Marine Drugs, 14(8).
Gregor, M. F., & Hotamisligil, G.S. (2011). Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity. Annual Review
of Immunology, 29, 415–445.
Guillemot-Legris, O., & Muccioli, G. G. (2017). Obesity-induced neuroinflammation: beyond the
hypothalamus. Trends in Neurosciences, 40(4), 237–253.
Hardie, D. G. (2014). AMP-activated protein kinase: maintaining energy homeostasis at the cellular
and whole-body levels. Annual Review of Nutrition, 34, 31–55.
Hessel, S., Eichinger, A., Isken, A., Amengual, J., Hunzelmann, S., Hoeller, U., et al. (2007). CMO1
deficiency abolishes vitamin A production from beta-carotene and alters lipid metabolism in mice.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282(46), 33553–33561.
Hosokawa, M., Miyashita, T., Nishikawa, S., Emi, S., Tsukui, T., Beppu, F., et al. (2010). Fucoxanthin regulates adipocytokine mRNA expression in white adipose tissue of diabetic/obese KK-Ay
mice. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 504(1), 17–25.
Ikeuchi, M., Koyama, T., Takahashi, J., & Yazawa, K. (2007). Effects of astaxanthin in obese mice
fed a high-fat diet. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 71(4), 893–899.
Inoue, M., Tanabe, H., Matsumoto, A., Takagi, M., Umegaki, K., Amagaya, S., et al. (2012).
Astaxanthin functions differently as a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
modulator in adipocytes and macrophages. Biochemical Pharmacology, 84(5), 692–700.
Jiang, X., Wang, G., Lin, Q., Tang, Z., Yan, Q., & Yu, X. (2019). Fucoxanthin prevents
lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior in mice via AMPK- NF-κB pathway.
Metabolic Brain Disease, 34(2), 431–442.
Johnson, E. J., Suter, P. M., Sahyoun, N., Ribaya-Mercado, J. D., & Russell, R. M. (1995). Relation
between beta-carotene intake and plasma and adipose tissue concentrations of carotenoids and
retinoids. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 62(3), 598–603.
Johnson, E. J., Hammond, B. R., Yeum, K. J., Qin, J., Wang, X. D., Castaneda, C., et al. (2000).
Relation among serum and tissue concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin and macular pigment
density. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71(6), 1555–1562.
Kakutani, R., Hokari, S., Nishino, A., Ichihara, T., Sugimoto, K., Takaha, T., et al. (2018). Effect of
oral paprika xanthophyll intake on abdominal fat in healthy overweight humans: a randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Oleo Science, 67(9), 1149–1162.
Kameji, H., Mochizuki, K., Miyoshi, N., & Goda, T. (2010). beta-Carotene accumulation in 3T3-L1
adipocytes inhibits the elevation of reactive oxygen species and the suppression of genes related
to insulin sensitivity induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Nutrition, 26(11–12), 1151–1156.
Kane, M. A. (2012). Analysis, occurrence, and function of 9-cis-retinoic acid. Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta, 1821(1), 10–20.
Kardinaal, A. F., van’t Veer, P., Brants, H. A., van den Berg, H., van Schoonhoven, J., & Hermus, R.
J. (1995). Relations between antioxidant vitamins in adipose tissue, plasma, and diet. American
Journal of Epidemiology, 141(5), 440–450.
553
Germain, P., Chambon, P., Eichele, G., Evans, R. M., Lazar, M. A., Leid, M., et al. (2006b).
International Union of Pharmacology. LX. Retinoic acid receptors. Pharmacological Reviews,
58(4), 712–725.
Gouranton, E., Yazidi, C. E., Cardinault, N., Amiot, M. J., Borel, P., & Landrier, J. F. (2008).
Purified low-density lipoprotein and bovine serum albumin efficiency to internalise lycopene
into adipocytes. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(12), 3832–3836.
Gouranton, E., Aydemir, G., Reynaud, E., Marcotorchino, J., Malezet, C., Caris-Veyrat, C., et al.
(2011a). Apo- 10 -lycopenoic acid impacts adipose tissue biology via the retinoic acid receptors.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1811(12), 1105–1114.
Gouranton, E., Thabuis, C., Riollet, C., Malezet-Desmoulins, C., El Yazidi, C., Amiot, M. J.,
et al. (2011b). Lycopene inhibits proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression in adipose
tissue. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 22(7), 642–648.
Grasa-Lopez, A., Miliar-Garcia, A., Quevedo-Corona, L., Paniagua-Castro, N., Escalona-Cardoso,
G., Reyes-Maldonado, E., et al. (2016). Undaria pinnatifida and Fucoxanthin ameliorate lipogenesis and markers of both inflammation and cardiovascular dysfunction in an animal model of
diet-induced obesity. Marine Drugs, 14(8).
Gregor, M. F., & Hotamisligil, G.S. (2011). Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity. Annual Review
of Immunology, 29, 415–445.
Guillemot-Legris, O., & Muccioli, G. G. (2017). Obesity-induced neuroinflammation: beyond the
hypothalamus. Trends in Neurosciences, 40(4), 237–253.
Hardie, D. G. (2014). AMP-activated protein kinase: maintaining energy homeostasis at the cellular
and whole-body levels. Annual Review of Nutrition, 34, 31–55.
Hessel, S., Eichinger, A., Isken, A., Amengual, J., Hunzelmann, S., Hoeller, U., et al. (2007). CMO1
deficiency abolishes vitamin A production from beta-carotene and alters lipid metabolism in mice.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282(46), 33553–33561.
Hosokawa, M., Miyashita, T., Nishikawa, S., Emi, S., Tsukui, T., Beppu, F., et al. (2010). Fucoxanthin regulates adipocytokine mRNA expression in white adipose tissue of diabetic/obese KK-Ay
mice. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 504(1), 17–25.
Ikeuchi, M., Koyama, T., Takahashi, J., & Yazawa, K. (2007). Effects of astaxanthin in obese mice
fed a high-fat diet. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 71(4), 893–899.
Inoue, M., Tanabe, H., Matsumoto, A., Takagi, M., Umegaki, K., Amagaya, S., et al. (2012).
Astaxanthin functions differently as a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
modulator in adipocytes and macrophages. Biochemical Pharmacology, 84(5), 692–700.
Jiang, X., Wang, G., Lin, Q., Tang, Z., Yan, Q., & Yu, X. (2019). Fucoxanthin prevents
lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior in mice via AMPK- NF-κB pathway.
Metabolic Brain Disease, 34(2), 431–442.
Johnson, E. J., Suter, P. M., Sahyoun, N., Ribaya-Mercado, J. D., & Russell, R. M. (1995). Relation
between beta-carotene intake and plasma and adipose tissue concentrations of carotenoids and
retinoids. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 62(3), 598–603.
Johnson, E. J., Hammond, B. R., Yeum, K. J., Qin, J., Wang, X. D., Castaneda, C., et al. (2000).
Relation among serum and tissue concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin and macular pigment
density. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71(6), 1555–1562.
Kakutani, R., Hokari, S., Nishino, A., Ichihara, T., Sugimoto, K., Takaha, T., et al. (2018). Effect of
oral paprika xanthophyll intake on abdominal fat in healthy overweight humans: a randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Oleo Science, 67(9), 1149–1162.
Kameji, H., Mochizuki, K., Miyoshi, N., & Goda, T. (2010). beta-Carotene accumulation in 3T3-L1
adipocytes inhibits the elevation of reactive oxygen species and the suppression of genes related
to insulin sensitivity induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Nutrition, 26(11–12), 1151–1156.
Kane, M. A. (2012). Analysis, occurrence, and function of 9-cis-retinoic acid. Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta, 1821(1), 10–20.
Kardinaal, A. F., van’t Veer, P., Brants, H. A., van den Berg, H., van Schoonhoven, J., & Hermus, R.
J. (1995). Relations between antioxidant vitamins in adipose tissue, plasma, and diet. American
Journal of Epidemiology, 141(5), 440–450.